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CoAprovel · 4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation · 3

HOS-083849

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CoAprovel

HOS-083831 · Version 2025-09-25T17:00:00Z · geprüft am 2026-10-25

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4.8 · Undesirable effects · CoAprovel 300 mg/25 mg film-coated tablets.

HOS-083862 · has-adverse-reaction-information · PDF-Seite 75

Irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination Among 898 hypertensive patients who received various doses of irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide (range: 37.5 mg/6.25 mg to 300 mg/25 mg) in placebo-controlled trials, 29.5% of the patients 75 experienced adverse reactions. The most commonly reported ADRs were dizziness (5.6%), fatigue (4.9%), nausea/vomiting (1.8%), and abnormal urination (1.4%). In addition, increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (2.3%), creatine kinase (1.7%) and creatinine (1.1%) were also commonly observed in the trials. Table 1 gives the adverse reactions observed from spontaneous reporting and in placebo-controlled trials. The frequency of adverse reactions listed below is defined using the following convention: very common (≥ 1/10); common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10); uncommon (≥ 1/1 000 to < 1/100); rare (≥ 1/10 000 to < 1/1 000); very rare (< 1/10 000). Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing seriousness. Table 1: Adverse Reactions in Placebo-Controlled Trials and Spontaneous Reports Investigations: Common: increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and creatine kinase Uncommon: decreases in serum potassium and sodium Cardiac disorders: Uncommon: syncope, hypotension, tachycardia, oedema Nervous system disorders: Common: dizziness Uncommon: orthostatic dizziness Not known: headache Ear and labyrinth disorders: Not known: tinnitus Respiratory, thoracic and Not known: cough mediastinal disorders: Gastrointestinal disorders: Common: nausea/vomiting Uncommon: diarrhoea Not known: dyspepsia, dysgeusia Renal and urinary disorders: Common: abnormal urination Not known: impaired renal function including isolated cases of renal failure in patients at risk (see section 4.4) Musculoskeletal and connective Uncommon: swelling extremity tissue disorders: Not kn

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4.8 · Undesirable effects · CoAprovel 150 mg/12.5 mg tablets.

HOS-083838 · has-adverse-reaction-information · PDF-Seite 10

Irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination Among 898 hypertensive patients who received various doses of irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide (range: 37.5 mg/6.25 mg to 300 mg/25 mg) in placebo-controlled trials, 29.5% of the patients experienced adverse reactions. The most commonly reported ADRs were dizziness (5.6%), fatigue (4.9%), nausea/vomiting (1.8%), and abnormal urination (1.4%). In addition, increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (2.3%), creatine kinase (1.7%) and creatinine (1.1%) were also commonly observed in the trials. Table 1 gives the adverse reactions observed from spontaneous reporting and in placebo-controlled trials. The frequency of adverse reactions listed below is defined using the following convention: very common (≥ 1/10); common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10); uncommon (≥ 1/1 000 to < 1/100); rare (≥ 1/10 000 to < 1/1 000); very rare (< 1/10 000). Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing seriousness. Table 1: Adverse Reactions in Placebo-Controlled Trials and Spontaneous Reports Investigations: Common: increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and creatine kinase Uncommon: decreases in serum potassium and sodium Cardiac disorders: Uncommon: syncope, hypotension, tachycardia, oedema Nervous system disorders: Common: dizziness Uncommon: orthostatic dizziness Not known: headache Ear and labyrinth disorders: Not known: tinnitus Respiratory, thoracic and Not known: cough mediastinal disorders: Gastrointestinal disorders: Common: nausea/vomiting Uncommon: diarrhoea Not known: dyspepsia, dysgeusia Renal and urinary disorders: Common: abnormal urination Not known: impaired renal function including isolated cases of renal failure in patients at risk (see section 4.4) Musculoskeletal and connective Uncommon: swelling extremity tissue disorders: Not known: arthralgia, myalgia Metabolism and nutritio

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4.8 · Undesirable effects · CoAprovel 300 mg/12.5 mg film-coated tablets.

HOS-083856 · has-adverse-reaction-information · PDF-Seite 58

Irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination Among 898 hypertensive patients who received various doses of irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide (range: 37.5 mg/6.25 mg to 300 mg/25 mg) in placebo-controlled trials, 29.5% of the patients 58 experienced adverse reactions. The most commonly reported ADRs were dizziness (5.6%), fatigue (4.9%), nausea/vomiting (1.8%), and abnormal urination (1.4%). In addition, increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (2.3%), creatine kinase (1.7%) and creatinine (1.1%) were also commonly observed in the trials. Table 1 gives the adverse reactions observed from spontaneous reporting and in placebo-controlled trials. The frequency of adverse reactions listed below is defined using the following convention: very common (≥ 1/10); common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10); uncommon (≥ 1/1 000 to < 1/100); rare (≥ 1/10 000 to < 1/1 000); very rare (< 1/10 000). Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing seriousness. Table 1: Adverse Reactions in Placebo-Controlled Trials and Spontaneous Reports Investigations: Common: increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and creatine kinase Uncommon: decreases in serum potassium and sodium Cardiac disorders: Uncommon: syncope, hypotension, tachycardia, oedema Nervous system disorders: Common: dizziness Uncommon: orthostatic dizziness Not known: headache Ear and labyrinth disorders: Not known: tinnitus Respiratory, thoracic and Not known: cough mediastinal disorders: Gastrointestinal disorders: Common: nausea/vomiting Uncommon: diarrhoea Not known: dyspepsia, dysgeusia Renal and urinary disorders: Common: abnormal urination Not known: impaired renal function including isolated cases of renal failure in patients at risk (see section 4.4) Musculoskeletal and connective Uncommon: swelling extremity tissue disorders: Not kn

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4.8 · Undesirable effects · CoAprovel 300 mg/12.5 mg tablets.

HOS-083844 · has-adverse-reaction-information · PDF-Seite 25

Irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination Among 898 hypertensive patients who received various doses of irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide (range: 37.5 mg/6.25 mg to 300 mg/25 mg) in placebo-controlled trials, 29.5% of the patients 25 experienced adverse reactions. The most commonly reported ADRs were dizziness (5.6%), fatigue (4.9%), nausea/vomiting (1.8%), and abnormal urination (1.4%). In addition, increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (2.3%), creatine kinase (1.7%) and creatinine (1.1%) were also commonly observed in the trials. Table 1 gives the adverse reactions observed from spontaneous reporting and in placebo-controlled trials. The frequency of adverse reactions listed below is defined using the following convention: very common (≥ 1/10); common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10); uncommon (≥ 1/1 000 to < 1/100); rare (≥ 1/10 000 to < 1/1 000); very rare (< 1/10 000). Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing seriousness. Table 1: Adverse Reactions in Placebo-Controlled Trials and Spontaneous Reports Investigations: Common: increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and creatine kinase Uncommon: decreases in serum potassium and sodium Cardiac disorders: Uncommon: syncope, hypotension, tachycardia, oedema Nervous system disorders: Common: dizziness Uncommon: orthostatic dizziness Not known: headache Ear and labyrinth disorders: Not known: tinnitus Respiratory, thoracic and Not known: cough mediastinal disorders: Gastrointestinal disorders: Common: nausea/vomiting Uncommon: diarrhoea Not known: dyspepsia, dysgeusia Renal and urinary disorders: Common: abnormal urination Not known: impaired renal function including isolated cases of renal failure in patients at risk (see section 4.4) Musculoskeletal and connective Uncommon: swelling extremity tissue disorders: Not kn

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4.8 · Undesirable effects · CoAprovel 150 mg/12.5 mg film-coated tablets.

HOS-083850 · has-adverse-reaction-information · PDF-Seite 41

Irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination Among 898 hypertensive patients who received various doses of irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide (range: 37.5 mg/6.25 mg to 300 mg/25 mg) in placebo-controlled trials, 29.5% of the patients 41 experienced adverse reactions. The most commonly reported ADRs were dizziness (5.6%), fatigue (4.9%), nausea/vomiting (1.8%), and abnormal urination (1.4%). In addition, increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (2.3%), creatine kinase (1.7%) and creatinine (1.1%) were also commonly observed in the trials. Table 1 gives the adverse reactions observed from spontaneous reporting and in placebo-controlled trials. The frequency of adverse reactions listed below is defined using the following convention: very common (≥ 1/10); common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10); uncommon (≥ 1/1 000 to < 1/100); rare (≥ 1/10 000 to < 1/1 000); very rare (< 1/10 000). Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing seriousness. Table 1: Adverse Reactions in Placebo-Controlled Trials and Spontaneous Reports Investigations: Common: increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and creatine kinase Uncommon: decreases in serum potassium and sodium Cardiac disorders: Uncommon: syncope, hypotension, tachycardia, oedema Nervous system disorders: Common: dizziness Uncommon: orthostatic dizziness Not known: headache Ear and labyrinth disorders: Not known: tinnitus Respiratory, thoracic and Not known: cough mediastinal disorders: Gastrointestinal disorders: Common: nausea/vomiting Uncommon: diarrhoea Not known: dyspepsia, dysgeusia Renal and urinary disorders: Common: abnormal urination Not known: impaired renal function including isolated cases of renal failure in patients at risk (see section 4.4) Musculoskeletal and connective Uncommon: swelling extremity tissue disorders: Not kn

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4.3 · Contraindications · CoAprovel 300 mg/12.5 mg tablets.

HOS-083840 · has-contraindication-information · PDF-Seite 19

▪ Hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1, or to other sulfonamide-derived substances (hydrochlorothiazide is a sulfonamide-derived substance) ▪ Second and third trimesters of pregnancy (see sections 4.4 and 4.6) ▪ Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min) ▪ Refractory hypokalaemia, hypercalcaemia ▪ Severe hepatic impairment, biliary cirrhosis and cholestasis ▪ The concomitant use of CoAprovel with aliskiren-containing products is contraindicated in patients with diabetes mellitus or renal impairment (glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m²) (see sections 4.5 and 5.1).
Abschnitt im Original →
4.3 · Contraindications · CoAprovel 300 mg/25 mg film-coated tablets.

HOS-083858 · has-contraindication-information · PDF-Seite 69

▪ Hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1, or to other sulfonamide-derived substances (hydrochlorothiazide is a sulfonamide-derived substance) ▪ Second and third trimesters of pregnancy (see sections 4.4 and 4.6) ▪ Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min) ▪ Refractory hypokalaemia, hypercalcaemia ▪ Severe hepatic impairment, biliary cirrhosis and cholestasis ▪ The concomitant use of CoAprovel with aliskiren-containing products is contraindicated in patients with diabetes mellitus or renal impairment (glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m²) (see sections 4.5 and 5.1).
Abschnitt im Original →
4.3 · Contraindications · CoAprovel 150 mg/12.5 mg film-coated tablets.

HOS-083846 · has-contraindication-information · PDF-Seite 35

▪ Hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1, or to other sulfonamide-derived substances (hydrochlorothiazide is a sulfonamide-derived substance) ▪ Second and third trimesters of pregnancy (see sections 4.4 and 4.6) ▪ Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min) ▪ Refractory hypokalaemia, hypercalcaemia ▪ Severe hepatic impairment, biliary cirrhosis and cholestasis ▪ The concomitant use of CoAprovel with aliskiren-containing products is contraindicated in patients with diabetes mellitus or renal impairment (glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m²) (see sections 4.5 and 5.1).
Abschnitt im Original →
4.3 · Contraindications · CoAprovel 300 mg/12.5 mg film-coated tablets.

HOS-083852 · has-contraindication-information · PDF-Seite 52

▪ Hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1, or to other sulfonamide-derived substances (hydrochlorothiazide is a sulfonamide-derived substance) ▪ Second and third trimesters of pregnancy (see sections 4.4 and 4.6) ▪ Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min) ▪ Refractory hypokalaemia, hypercalcaemia ▪ Severe hepatic impairment, biliary cirrhosis and cholestasis ▪ The concomitant use of CoAprovel with aliskiren-containing products is contraindicated in patients with diabetes mellitus or renal impairment (glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m²) (see sections 4.5 and 5.1).
Abschnitt im Original →
4.3 · Contraindications · CoAprovel 150 mg/12.5 mg tablets.

HOS-083834 · has-contraindication-information · PDF-Seite 3

▪ Hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1, or to other sulfonamide-derived substances (hydrochlorothiazide is a sulfonamide-derived substance) ▪ Second and third trimesters of pregnancy (see sections 4.4 and 4.6) ▪ Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min) ▪ Refractory hypokalaemia, hypercalcaemia ▪ Severe hepatic impairment, biliary cirrhosis and cholestasis ▪ The concomitant use of CoAprovel with aliskiren-containing products is contraindicated in patients with diabetes mellitus or renal impairment (glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m²) (see sections 4.5 and 5.1).
Abschnitt im Original →
4.1 · Therapeutic indications · CoAprovel 300 mg/25 mg film-coated tablets.

HOS-083857 · has-indication-information · PDF-Seite 68

Treatment of essential hypertension. This fixed dose combination is indicated in adult patients whose blood pressure is not adequately controlled on irbesartan or hydrochlorothiazide alone (see section 5.1).
Abschnitt im Original →
4.1 · Therapeutic indications · CoAprovel 300 mg/12.5 mg film-coated tablets.

HOS-083851 · has-indication-information · PDF-Seite 51

Treatment of essential hypertension. This fixed dose combination is indicated in adult patients whose blood pressure is not adequately controlled on irbesartan or hydrochlorothiazide alone (see section 5.1).
Abschnitt im Original →
4.1 · Therapeutic indications · CoAprovel 150 mg/12.5 mg tablets.

HOS-083833 · has-indication-information · PDF-Seite 2

Treatment of essential hypertension. This fixed dose combination is indicated in adult patients whose blood pressure is not adequately controlled on irbesartan or hydrochlorothiazide alone (see section 5.1).
Abschnitt im Original →
4.1 · Therapeutic indications · CoAprovel 300 mg/12.5 mg tablets.

HOS-083839 · has-indication-information · PDF-Seite 18

Treatment of essential hypertension. This fixed dose combination is indicated in adult patients whose blood pressure is not adequately controlled on irbesartan or hydrochlorothiazide alone (see section 5.1).
Abschnitt im Original →
4.1 · Therapeutic indications · CoAprovel 150 mg/12.5 mg film-coated tablets.

HOS-083845 · has-indication-information · PDF-Seite 34

Treatment of essential hypertension. This fixed dose combination is indicated in adult patients whose blood pressure is not adequately controlled on irbesartan or hydrochlorothiazide alone (see section 5.1).
Abschnitt im Original →
4.5 · Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction · CoAprovel 150 mg/12.5 mg film-coated tablets.

HOS-083848 · has-interaction-information · PDF-Seite 38

Other antihypertensive agents: the antihypertensive effect of CoAprovel may be increased with the concomitant use of other antihypertensive agents. Irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide (at doses up to 300 mg irbesartan/25 mg hydrochlorothiazide) have been safely administered with other antihypertensive agents including calcium channel blockers and beta-adrenergic blockers. Prior treatment with high dose diuretics may result in volume depletion and a risk of hypotension when initiating therapy with irbesartan with or without thiazide diuretics unless the volume depletion is corrected first (see section 4.4). Aliskiren-containing products or ACE-inhibitors: clinical trial data has shown that dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) through the combined use of ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren is associated with a higher frequency of adverse events such as hypotension, hyperkalaemia and decreased renal function (including acute renal failure) compared to the use of a single RAAS-acting agent (see sections 4.3, 4.4 and 5.1). Lithium: reversible increases in serum lithium concentrations and toxicity have been reported during concomitant administration of lithium with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Similar effects have been very rarely reported with irbesartan so far. Furthermore, renal clearance of lithium is reduced by thiazides so the risk of lithium toxicity could be increased with CoAprovel. Therefore, the combination of lithium and CoAprovel is not recommended (see section 4.4). If the combination proves necessary, careful monitoring of serum lithium levels is recommended. 38 Medicinal products affecting potassium: the potassium-depleting effect of hydrochlorothiazide is attenuated by the potassium-sparing effect of irbesartan. However, this effect of hydrochlorothiazide on serum potassium would be expected to be potentiated by other medicinal products associated with potassium loss and hypokalaemia (e.g. other kaliuretic diuretics, laxatives, amphotericin, carbenoxolone, penicillin G sodium). Conversely, based on the experience with the use of other medicinal products that blunt the renin-angiotensin system, concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, salt substitutes containing potassium or other medicinal products that may increase serum potassium levels (e.g. heparin sodium) may lead to increases in serum potas

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Abschnitt im Original →
4.5 · Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction · CoAprovel 300 mg/12.5 mg film-coated tablets.

HOS-083854 · has-interaction-information · PDF-Seite 55

Other antihypertensive agents: the antihypertensive effect of CoAprovel may be increased with the concomitant use of other antihypertensive agents. Irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide (at doses up to 300 mg irbesartan/25 mg hydrochlorothiazide) have been safely administered with other antihypertensive agents including calcium channel blockers and beta-adrenergic blockers. Prior treatment with high dose diuretics may result in volume depletion and a risk of hypotension when initiating therapy with irbesartan with or without thiazide diuretics unless the volume depletion is corrected first (see section 4.4). Aliskiren-containing products or ACE-inhibitors: clinical trial data has shown that dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) through the combined use of ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren is associated with a higher frequency of adverse events such as hypotension, hyperkalaemia and decreased renal function (including acute renal failure) compared to the use of a single RAAS-acting agent (see sections 4.3, 4.4 and 5.1). Lithium: reversible increases in serum lithium concentrations and toxicity have been reported during concomitant administration of lithium with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Similar effects have been very rarely reported with irbesartan so far. Furthermore, renal clearance of lithium is reduced by thiazides so the risk of lithium toxicity could be increased with CoAprovel. Therefore, the combination of lithium and CoAprovel is not recommended (see section 4.4). If the combination proves necessary, careful monitoring of serum lithium levels is recommended. 55 Medicinal products affecting potassium: the potassium-depleting effect of hydrochlorothiazide is attenuated by the potassium-sparing effect of irbesartan. However, this effect of hydrochlorothiazide on serum potassium would be expected to be potentiated by other medicinal products associated with potassium loss and hypokalaemia (e.g. other kaliuretic diuretics, laxatives, amphotericin, carbenoxolone, penicillin G sodium). Conversely, based on the experience with the use of other medicinal products that blunt the renin-angiotensin system, concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, salt substitutes containing potassium or other medicinal products that may increase serum potassium levels (e.g. heparin sodium) may lead to increases in serum potas

Auszug; vollständigen Abschnitt im Original lesen.

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4.5 · Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction · CoAprovel 150 mg/12.5 mg tablets.

HOS-083836 · has-interaction-information · PDF-Seite 6

Other antihypertensive agents: the antihypertensive effect of CoAprovel may be increased with the concomitant use of other antihypertensive agents. Irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide (at doses up to 300 mg irbesartan/25 mg hydrochlorothiazide) have been safely administered with other antihypertensive agents including calcium channel blockers and beta-adrenergic blockers. Prior treatment with high dose diuretics may result in volume depletion and a risk of hypotension when initiating therapy with irbesartan with or without thiazide diuretics unless the volume depletion is corrected first (see section 4.4). Aliskiren-containing products or ACE-inhibitors: clinical trial data has shown that dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) through the combined use of ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren is associated with a higher frequency of adverse events such as hypotension, hyperkalaemia and decreased renal function (including acute renal failure) compared to the use of a single RAAS-acting agent (see sections 4.3, 4.4 and 5.1). Lithium: reversible increases in serum lithium concentrations and toxicity have been reported during concomitant administration of lithium with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Similar effects have been very rarely reported with irbesartan so far. Furthermore, renal clearance of lithium is reduced by thiazides so the risk of lithium toxicity could be increased with CoAprovel. Therefore, the combination of lithium and CoAprovel is not recommended (see section 4.4). If the combination proves necessary, careful monitoring of serum lithium levels is recommended. 6 Medicinal products affecting potassium: the potassium-depleting effect of hydrochlorothiazide is attenuated by the potassium-sparing effect of irbesartan. However, this effect of hydrochlorothiazide on serum potassium would be expected to be potentiated by other medicinal products associated with potassium loss and hypokalaemia (e.g. other kaliuretic diuretics, laxatives, amphotericin, carbenoxolone, penicillin G sodium). Conversely, based on the experience with the use of other medicinal products that blunt the renin-angiotensin system, concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, salt substitutes containing potassium or other medicinal products that may increase serum potassium levels (e.g. heparin sodium) may lead to increases in serum potassi

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4.5 · Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction · CoAprovel 300 mg/25 mg film-coated tablets.

HOS-083860 · has-interaction-information · PDF-Seite 72

Other antihypertensive agents: the antihypertensive effect of CoAprovel may be increased with the concomitant use of other antihypertensive agents. Irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide (at doses up to 300 mg irbesartan/25 mg hydrochlorothiazide) have been safely administered with other antihypertensive agents including calcium channel blockers and beta-adrenergic blockers. Prior treatment with high dose diuretics may result in volume depletion and a risk of hypotension when initiating therapy with irbesartan with or without thiazide diuretics unless the volume depletion is corrected first (see section 4.4). Aliskiren-containing products or ACE-inhibitors: clinical trial data has shown that dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) through the combined use of ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren is associated with a higher frequency of adverse events such as hypotension, hyperkalaemia and decreased renal function (including acute renal failure) compared to the use of a single RAAS-acting agent (see sections 4.3, 4.4 and 5.1). Lithium: reversible increases in serum lithium concentrations and toxicity have been reported during concomitant administration of lithium with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Similar effects have been very rarely reported with irbesartan so far. Furthermore, renal clearance of lithium is reduced by thiazides so the risk of lithium toxicity could be increased with CoAprovel. Therefore, the combination of lithium and CoAprovel is not recommended (see section 4.4). If the combination proves necessary, careful monitoring of serum lithium levels is recommended. 72 Medicinal products affecting potassium: the potassium-depleting effect of hydrochlorothiazide is attenuated by the potassium-sparing effect of irbesartan. However, this effect of hydrochlorothiazide on serum potassium would be expected to be potentiated by other medicinal products associated with potassium loss and hypokalaemia (e.g. other kaliuretic diuretics, laxatives, amphotericin, carbenoxolone, penicillin G sodium). Conversely, based on the experience with the use of other medicinal products that blunt the renin-angiotensin system, concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, salt substitutes containing potassium or other medicinal products that may increase serum potassium levels (e.g. heparin sodium) may lead to increases in serum potas

Auszug; vollständigen Abschnitt im Original lesen.

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4.5 · Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction · CoAprovel 300 mg/12.5 mg tablets.

HOS-083842 · has-interaction-information · PDF-Seite 22

Other antihypertensive agents: the antihypertensive effect of CoAprovel may be increased with the concomitant use of other antihypertensive agents. Irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide (at doses up to 300 mg irbesartan/25 mg hydrochlorothiazide) have been safely administered with other antihypertensive agents including calcium channel blockers and beta-adrenergic blockers. Prior treatment with high dose diuretics may result in volume depletion and a risk of hypotension when initiating therapy with irbesartan with or without thiazide diuretics unless the volume depletion is corrected first (see section 4.4). Aliskiren-containing products or ACE-inhibitors: clinical trial data has shown that dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) through the combined use of ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren is associated with a higher frequency of adverse events such as hypotension, hyperkalaemia and decreased renal function (including acute renal failure) compared to the use of a single RAAS-acting agent (see sections 4.3, 4.4 and 5.1). Lithium: reversible increases in serum lithium concentrations and toxicity have been reported during concomitant administration of lithium with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Similar effects have been very rarely reported with irbesartan so far. Furthermore, renal clearance of lithium is reduced by thiazides so the risk of lithium toxicity could be increased with CoAprovel. Therefore, the combination of lithium and CoAprovel is not recommended (see section 4.4). If the combination proves necessary, careful monitoring of serum lithium levels is recommended. 22 Medicinal products affecting potassium: the potassium-depleting effect of hydrochlorothiazide is attenuated by the potassium-sparing effect of irbesartan. However, this effect of hydrochlorothiazide on serum potassium would be expected to be potentiated by other medicinal products associated with potassium loss and hypokalaemia (e.g. other kaliuretic diuretics, laxatives, amphotericin, carbenoxolone, penicillin G sodium). Conversely, based on the experience with the use of other medicinal products that blunt the renin-angiotensin system, concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, salt substitutes containing potassium or other medicinal products that may increase serum potassium levels (e.g. heparin sodium) may lead to increases in serum pota

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4.6 · Fertility, pregnancy and lactation · CoAprovel 300 mg/12.5 mg tablets.

HOS-083843 · has-pregnancy-information · PDF-Seite 24

Pregnancy Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (AIIRAs) The use of AIIRAs is not recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy (see section 4.4). The use of AIIRAs is contraindicated during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (see sections 4.3 and 4.4). Epidemiological evidence regarding the risk of teratogenicity following exposure to ACE inhibitors during the first trimester of pregnancy has not been conclusive; however a small increase in risk cannot be excluded. Whilst there is no controlled epidemiological data on the risk with Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (AIIRAs), similar risks may exist for this class of drugs. Unless continued AIIRA therapy is considered essential, patients planning pregnancy should be changed to alternative antihypertensive treatments which have an established safety profile for use in pregnancy. When pregnancy is diagnosed, treatment with AIIRAs should be stopped immediately, and, if appropriate, alternative therapy should be started. Exposure to AIIRA therapy during the second and third trimesters is known to induce human foetotoxicity (decreased renal function, oligohydramnios, skull ossification retardation) and neonatal toxicity (renal failure, hypotension, hyperkalaemia). (See section 5.3). Should exposure to AIIRAs have occurred from the second trimester of pregnancy, ultrasound check of renal function and skull is recommended. 24 Infants whose mothers have taken AIIRAs should be closely observed for hypotension (see sections 4.3 and 4.4). Hydrochlorothiazide There is limited experience with hydrochlorothiazide during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester. Animal studies are insufficient. Hydrochlorothiazide crosses the placenta. Based on the pharmacological mechanism of action of hydrochlorothiazide its use during the second and third trimester may compromise foeto-placental perfusion and may cause foetal and neonatal effects like icterus, disturbance of electrolyte balance and thrombocytopenia. Hydrochlorothiazide should not be used for gestational oedema, gestational hypertension or preeclampsia due to the risk of decreased plasma volume and placental hypoperfusion, without a beneficial effect on the course of the disease. Hydrochlorothiazide should not be used for essential hypertension in pregnant women except in rare situations where no other treatment could be used. Since CoAprovel contains hydrochlorothiazide, it is no

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4.6 · Fertility, pregnancy and lactation · CoAprovel 300 mg/12.5 mg film-coated tablets.

HOS-083855 · has-pregnancy-information · PDF-Seite 57

Pregnancy Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (AIIRAs) The use of AIIRAs is not recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy (see section 4.4). The use of AIIRAs is contraindicated during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (see sections 4.3 and 4.4). Epidemiological evidence regarding the risk of teratogenicity following exposure to ACE inhibitors during the first trimester of pregnancy has not been conclusive; however a small increase in risk cannot be excluded. Whilst there is no controlled epidemiological data on the risk with Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (AIIRAs), similar risks may exist for this class of drugs. Unless continued AIIRA therapy is considered essential, patients planning pregnancy should be changed to alternative antihypertensive treatments which have an established safety profile for use in pregnancy. When pregnancy is diagnosed, treatment with AIIRAs should be stopped immediately, and, if appropriate, alternative therapy should be started. Exposure to AIIRA therapy during the second and third trimesters is known to induce human foetotoxicity (decreased renal function, oligohydramnios, skull ossification retardation) and neonatal toxicity (renal failure, hypotension, hyperkalaemia). (See section 5.3). Should exposure to AIIRAs have occurred from the second trimester of pregnancy, ultrasound check of renal function and skull is recommended. 57 Infants whose mothers have taken AIIRAs should be closely observed for hypotension (see sections 4.3 and 4.4). Hydrochlorothiazide There is limited experience with hydrochlorothiazide during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester. Animal studies are insufficient. Hydrochlorothiazide crosses the placenta. Based on the pharmacological mechanism of action of hydrochlorothiazide its use during the second and third trimester may compromise foeto-placental perfusion and may cause foetal and neonatal effects like icterus, disturbance of electrolyte balance and thrombocytopenia. Hydrochlorothiazide should not be used for gestational oedema, gestational hypertension or preeclampsia due to the risk of decreased plasma volume and placental hypoperfusion, without a beneficial effect on the course of the disease. Hydrochlorothiazide should not be used for essential hypertension in pregnant women except in rare situations where no other treatment could be used. Since CoAprovel contains hydrochlorothiazide, it is no

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4.6 · Fertility, pregnancy and lactation · CoAprovel 150 mg/12.5 mg tablets.

HOS-083837 · has-pregnancy-information · PDF-Seite 8

Pregnancy Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (AIIRAs) The use of AIIRAs is not recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy (see section 4.4). The use of AIIRAs is contraindicated during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (see sections 4.3 and 4.4). Epidemiological evidence regarding the risk of teratogenicity following exposure to ACE inhibitors during the first trimester of pregnancy has not been conclusive; however a small increase in risk cannot be excluded. Whilst there is no controlled epidemiological data on the risk with Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (AIIRAs), similar risks may exist for this class of drugs. Unless continued AIIRA therapy is considered essential, patients planning pregnancy should be changed to alternative antihypertensive treatments which have an established safety profile for use in pregnancy. When pregnancy is diagnosed, treatment with AIIRAs should be stopped immediately, and, if appropriate, alternative therapy should be started. Exposure to AIIRA therapy during the second and third trimesters is known to induce human foetotoxicity (decreased renal function, oligohydramnios, skull ossification retardation) and neonatal toxicity (renal failure, hypotension, hyperkalaemia). (See section 5.3). Should exposure to AIIRAs have occurred from the second trimester of pregnancy, ultrasound check of renal function and skull is recommended. 8 Infants whose mothers have taken AIIRAs should be closely observed for hypotension (see sections 4.3 and 4.4). Hydrochlorothiazide There is limited experience with hydrochlorothiazide during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester. Animal studies are insufficient. Hydrochlorothiazide crosses the placenta. Based on the pharmacological mechanism of action of hydrochlorothiazide its use during the second and third trimester may compromise foeto-placental perfusion and may cause foetal and neonatal effects like icterus, disturbance of electrolyte balance and thrombocytopenia. Hydrochlorothiazide should not be used for gestational oedema, gestational hypertension or preeclampsia due to the risk of decreased plasma volume and placental hypoperfusion, without a beneficial effect on the course of the disease. Hydrochlorothiazide should not be used for essential hypertension in pregnant women except in rare situations where no other treatment could be used. Since CoAprovel contains hydrochlorothiazide, it is not r

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4.6 · Fertility, pregnancy and lactation · CoAprovel 150 mg/12.5 mg film-coated tablets.

HOS-083849 · has-pregnancy-information · PDF-Seite 40

Pregnancy Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (AIIRAs) The use of AIIRAs is not recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy (see section 4.4). The use of AIIRAs is contraindicated during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (see sections 4.3 and 4.4). Epidemiological evidence regarding the risk of teratogenicity following exposure to ACE inhibitors during the first trimester of pregnancy has not been conclusive; however a small increase in risk cannot be excluded. Whilst there is no controlled epidemiological data on the risk with Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (AIIRAs), similar risks may exist for this class of drugs. Unless continued AIIRA therapy is considered essential, patients planning pregnancy should be changed to alternative antihypertensive treatments which have an established safety profile for use in pregnancy. When pregnancy is diagnosed, treatment with AIIRAs should be stopped immediately, and, if appropriate, alternative therapy should be started. Exposure to AIIRA therapy during the second and third trimesters is known to induce human foetotoxicity (decreased renal function, oligohydramnios, skull ossification retardation) and neonatal toxicity (renal failure, hypotension, hyperkalaemia). (See section 5.3). Should exposure to AIIRAs have occurred from the second trimester of pregnancy, ultrasound check of renal function and skull is recommended. 40 Infants whose mothers have taken AIIRAs should be closely observed for hypotension (see sections 4.3 and 4.4). Hydrochlorothiazide There is limited experience with hydrochlorothiazide during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester. Animal studies are insufficient. Hydrochlorothiazide crosses the placenta. Based on the pharmacological mechanism of action of hydrochlorothiazide its use during the second and third trimester may compromise foeto-placental perfusion and may cause foetal and neonatal effects like icterus, disturbance of electrolyte balance and thrombocytopenia. Hydrochlorothiazide should not be used for gestational oedema, gestational hypertension or preeclampsia due to the risk of decreased plasma volume and placental hypoperfusion, without a beneficial effect on the course of the disease. Hydrochlorothiazide should not be used for essential hypertension in pregnant women except in rare situations where no other treatment could be used. Since CoAprovel contains hydrochlorothiazide, it is no

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4.6 · Fertility, pregnancy and lactation · CoAprovel 300 mg/25 mg film-coated tablets.

HOS-083861 · has-pregnancy-information · PDF-Seite 74

Pregnancy Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (AIIRAs) The use of AIIRAs is not recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy (see section 4.4). The use of AIIRAs is contraindicated during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (see sections 4.3 and 4.4). Epidemiological evidence regarding the risk of teratogenicity following exposure to ACE inhibitors during the first trimester of pregnancy has not been conclusive; however a small increase in risk cannot be excluded. Whilst there is no controlled epidemiological data on the risk with Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (AIIRAs), similar risks may exist for this class of drugs. Unless continued AIIRA therapy is considered essential, patients planning pregnancy should be changed to alternative antihypertensive treatments which have an established safety profile for use in pregnancy. When pregnancy is diagnosed, treatment with AIIRAs should be stopped immediately, and, if appropriate, alternative therapy should be started. Exposure to AIIRA therapy during the second and third trimesters is known to induce human foetotoxicity (decreased renal function, oligohydramnios, skull ossification retardation) and neonatal toxicity (renal failure, hypotension, hyperkalaemia). (See section 5.3). Should exposure to AIIRAs have occurred from the second trimester of pregnancy, ultrasound check of renal function and skull is recommended. 74 Infants whose mothers have taken AIIRAs should be closely observed for hypotension (see sections 4.3 and 4.4). Hydrochlorothiazide There is limited experience with hydrochlorothiazide during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester. Animal studies are insufficient. Hydrochlorothiazide crosses the placenta. Based on the pharmacological mechanism of action of hydrochlorothiazide its use during the second and third trimester may compromise foeto-placental perfusion and may cause foetal and neonatal effects like icterus, disturbance of electrolyte balance and thrombocytopenia. Hydrochlorothiazide should not be used for gestational oedema, gestational hypertension or preeclampsia due to the risk of decreased plasma volume and placental hypoperfusion, without a beneficial effect on the course of the disease. Hydrochlorothiazide should not be used for essential hypertension in pregnant women except in rare situations where no other treatment could be used. Since CoAprovel contains hydrochlorothiazide, it is no

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4.4 · Special warnings and precautions for use · CoAprovel 300 mg/12.5 mg tablets.

HOS-083841 · has-warning-information · PDF-Seite 19

Hypotension - Volume-depleted patients: CoAprovel has been rarely associated with symptomatic hypotension in hypertensive patients without other risk factors for hypotension. Symptomatic hypotension may be expected to occur in patients who are volume and/or sodium depleted by vigorous diuretic therapy, dietary salt restriction, diarrhoea or vomiting. Such conditions should be corrected before initiating therapy with CoAprovel. Renal artery stenosis - Renovascular hypertension: there is an increased risk of severe hypotension and renal insufficiency when patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis or stenosis of the artery to a single functioning kidney are treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-II receptor antagonists. While this is not documented with CoAprovel, a similar effect should be anticipated. Renal impairment and kidney transplantation: when CoAprovel is used in patients with impaired renal function, a periodic monitoring of potassium, creatinine and uric acid serum levels is recommended. There is no experience regarding the administration of CoAprovel in patients with a recent kidney 19 transplantation. CoAprovel should not be used in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min) (see section 4.3). Thiazide diuretic-associated azotaemia may occur in patients with impaired renal function. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with renal impairment whose creatinine clearance is ≥ 30 ml/min. However, in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≥ 30 ml/min but < 60 ml/min) this fixed dose combination should be administered with caution. Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS): there is evidence that the concomitant use of ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren increases the risk of hypotension, hyperkalaemia and decreased renal function (including acute renal failure). Dual blockade of RAAS through the combined use of ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren is therefore not recommended (see sections 4.5 and 5.1). If dual blockade therapy is considered absolutely necessary, this should only occur under specialist supervision and subject to frequent close monitoring of renal function, electrolytes and blood pressure. ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers should not be used concomitantly in patients with diabetic nephr

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4.4 · Special warnings and precautions for use · CoAprovel 300 mg/12.5 mg film-coated tablets.

HOS-083853 · has-warning-information · PDF-Seite 52

Hypotension - Volume-depleted patients: CoAprovel has been rarely associated with symptomatic hypotension in hypertensive patients without other risk factors for hypotension. Symptomatic hypotension may be expected to occur in patients who are volume and/or sodium depleted by vigorous diuretic therapy, dietary salt restriction, diarrhoea or vomiting. Such conditions should be corrected before initiating therapy with CoAprovel. Renal artery stenosis - Renovascular hypertension: there is an increased risk of severe hypotension and renal insufficiency when patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis or stenosis of the artery to a single functioning kidney are treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-II receptor antagonists. While this is not documented with CoAprovel, a similar effect should be anticipated. Renal impairment and kidney transplantation: when CoAprovel is used in patients with impaired renal function, a periodic monitoring of potassium, creatinine and uric acid serum levels is recommended. There is no experience regarding the administration of CoAprovel in patients with a recent kidney 52 transplantation. CoAprovel should not be used in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min) (see section 4.3). Thiazide diuretic-associated azotaemia may occur in patients with impaired renal function. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with renal impairment whose creatinine clearance is ≥ 30 ml/min. However, in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≥ 30 ml/min but < 60 ml/min) this fixed dose combination should be administered with caution. Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS): there is evidence that the concomitant use of ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren increases the risk of hypotension, hyperkalaemia and decreased renal function (including acute renal failure). Dual blockade of RAAS through the combined use of ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren is therefore not recommended (see sections 4.5 and 5.1). If dual blockade therapy is considered absolutely necessary, this should only occur under specialist supervision and subject to frequent close monitoring of renal function, electrolytes and blood pressure. ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers should not be used concomitantly in patients with diabetic nephr

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4.4 · Special warnings and precautions for use · CoAprovel 150 mg/12.5 mg film-coated tablets.

HOS-083847 · has-warning-information · PDF-Seite 35

Hypotension - Volume-depleted patients: CoAprovel has been rarely associated with symptomatic hypotension in hypertensive patients without other risk factors for hypotension. Symptomatic hypotension may be expected to occur in patients who are volume and/or sodium depleted by vigorous diuretic therapy, dietary salt restriction, diarrhoea or vomiting. Such conditions should be corrected before initiating therapy with CoAprovel. Renal artery stenosis - Renovascular hypertension: there is an increased risk of severe hypotension and renal insufficiency when patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis or stenosis of the artery to a single functioning kidney are treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-II receptor antagonists. While this is not documented with CoAprovel, a similar effect should be anticipated. Renal impairment and kidney transplantation: when CoAprovel is used in patients with impaired renal function, a periodic monitoring of potassium, creatinine and uric acid serum levels is recommended. There is no experience regarding the administration of CoAprovel in patients with a recent kidney 35 transplantation. CoAprovel should not be used in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min) (see section 4.3). Thiazide diuretic-associated azotaemia may occur in patients with impaired renal function. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with renal impairment whose creatinine clearance is ≥ 30 ml/min. However, in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≥ 30 ml/min but < 60 ml/min) this fixed dose combination should be administered with caution. Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS): there is evidence that the concomitant use of ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren increases the risk of hypotension, hyperkalaemia and decreased renal function (including acute renal failure). Dual blockade of RAAS through the combined use of ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren is therefore not recommended (see sections 4.5 and 5.1). If dual blockade therapy is considered absolutely necessary, this should only occur under specialist supervision and subject to frequent close monitoring of renal function, electrolytes and blood pressure. ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers should not be used concomitantly in patients with diabetic nephr

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4.4 · Special warnings and precautions for use · CoAprovel 150 mg/12.5 mg tablets.

HOS-083835 · has-warning-information · PDF-Seite 3

Hypotension - Volume-depleted patients: CoAprovel has been rarely associated with symptomatic hypotension in hypertensive patients without other risk factors for hypotension. Symptomatic hypotension may be expected to occur in patients who are volume and/or sodium depleted by vigorous diuretic therapy, dietary salt restriction, diarrhoea or vomiting. Such conditions should be corrected before initiating therapy with CoAprovel. Renal artery stenosis - Renovascular hypertension: there is an increased risk of severe hypotension and renal insufficiency when patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis or stenosis of the artery to a single functioning kidney are treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-II receptor antagonists. While this is not documented with CoAprovel, a similar effect should be anticipated. Renal impairment and kidney transplantation: when CoAprovel is used in patients with impaired renal function, a periodic monitoring of potassium, creatinine and uric acid serum levels is recommended. There is no experience regarding the administration of CoAprovel in patients with a recent kidney 3 transplantation. CoAprovel should not be used in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min) (see section 4.3). Thiazide diuretic-associated azotaemia may occur in patients with impaired renal function. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with renal impairment whose creatinine clearance is ≥ 30 ml/min. However, in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≥ 30 ml/min but < 60 ml/min) this fixed dose combination should be administered with caution. Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS): there is evidence that the concomitant use of ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren increases the risk of hypotension, hyperkalaemia and decreased renal function (including acute renal failure). Dual blockade of RAAS through the combined use of ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren is therefore not recommended (see sections 4.5 and 5.1). If dual blockade therapy is considered absolutely necessary, this should only occur under specialist supervision and subject to frequent close monitoring of renal function, electrolytes and blood pressure. ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers should not be used concomitantly in patients with diabetic nephr

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4.4 · Special warnings and precautions for use · CoAprovel 300 mg/25 mg film-coated tablets.

HOS-083859 · has-warning-information · PDF-Seite 69

Hypotension - Volume-depleted patients: CoAprovel has been rarely associated with symptomatic hypotension in hypertensive patients without other risk factors for hypotension. Symptomatic hypotension may be expected to occur in patients who are volume and/or sodium depleted by vigorous diuretic therapy, dietary salt restriction, diarrhoea or vomiting. Such conditions should be corrected before initiating therapy with CoAprovel. Renal artery stenosis - Renovascular hypertension: there is an increased risk of severe hypotension and renal insufficiency when patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis or stenosis of the artery to a single functioning kidney are treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-II receptor antagonists. While this is not documented with CoAprovel, a similar effect should be anticipated. Renal impairment and kidney transplantation: when CoAprovel is used in patients with impaired renal function, a periodic monitoring of potassium, creatinine and uric acid serum levels is recommended. There is no experience regarding the administration of CoAprovel in patients with a recent kidney 69 transplantation. CoAprovel should not be used in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min) (see section 4.3). Thiazide diuretic-associated azotaemia may occur in patients with impaired renal function. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with renal impairment whose creatinine clearance is ≥ 30 ml/min. However, in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≥ 30 ml/min but < 60 ml/min) this fixed dose combination should be administered with caution. Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS): there is evidence that the concomitant use of ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren increases the risk of hypotension, hyperkalaemia and decreased renal function (including acute renal failure). Dual blockade of RAAS through the combined use of ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers or aliskiren is therefore not recommended (see sections 4.5 and 5.1). If dual blockade therapy is considered absolutely necessary, this should only occur under specialist supervision and subject to frequent close monitoring of renal function, electrolytes and blood pressure. ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers should not be used concomitantly in patients with diabetic nephr

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