Orfadin

HOS-093856 · has-adverse-reaction-information · PDF-Seite 5

Summary of the safety profile By its mode of action, nitisinone increases tyrosine levels in all nitisinone-treated patients. Eye-related adverse reactions, such as conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, keratitis, photophobia, and eye pain, related to elevated tyrosine levels are therefore common in both HT-1 and AKU patients. In the HT-1 population other common adverse reactions include thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, and granulocytopenia. Exfoliative dermatitis may occur uncommonly. Tabulated list of adverse reactions The adverse reactions listed below by MedDRA system organ class and absolute frequency, are based on data from clinical trials in patients with HT-1 and AKU and post-marketing use in HT-1. Frequency is defined as very common (≥1/10), common (≥1/100 to <1/10), uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100), rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000), very rare (<1/10,000), not known (cannot be estimated from the available data). Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness. MedDRA system organ Frequency in HT-1 Frequency in AKU1 Adverse reaction class Infections and Common Bronchitis, pneumonia infestations Blood and lymphatic Common Thrombocytopenia, system disorders leucopenia, granulocytopenia Uncommon Leukocytosis Eye disorders Common Conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, keratitis, photophobia Very common2 Keratopathy Common Very common2 Eye pain Uncommon Blepharitis 5  MedDRA system organ Frequency in HT-1 Frequency in AKU1 Adverse reaction class Skin and subcutaneous Uncommon Exfoliative dermatitis, tissue disorders

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HOS-093862 · has-adverse-reaction-information · PDF-Seite 15

Summary of the safety profile By its mode of action, nitisinone increases tyrosine levels in all nitisinone-treated patients. Eye-related adverse reactions, such as conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, keratitis, photophobia, and eye pain, related to elevated tyrosine levels are therefore common in both HT-1 and AKU patients. In the HT-1 population other common adverse reactions include thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, and granulocytopenia. Exfoliative dermatitis may occur uncommonly. Tabulated list of adverse reactions The adverse reactions listed below by MedDRA system organ class and absolute frequency, are based on data from clinical trials in patients with HT-1 and AKU and post-marketing use in HT-1. Frequency is defined as very common (≥1/10), common (≥1/100 to <1/10), uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100), rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000), very rare (<1/10,000), not known (cannot be estimated from the available data). Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness. 15  MedDRA system organ Frequency in HT-1 Frequency in AKU1 Adverse reaction class Infections and infestations Common Bronchitis, pneumonia Blood and lymphatic Common Thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, system disorders granulocytopenia Uncommon Leukocytosis Eye disorders Common Conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, keratitis, photophobia Very common2 Keratopathy Common Very common2 Eye pain Uncommon Blepharitis Skin and subcutaneous Uncommon Exfoliative dermatitis, tissue disorders erythematous rash Uncommon Common Pruritus, rash Investigations Very common Very common

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HOS-093852 · has-contraindication-information · PDF-Seite 3

Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1. Mothers receiving nitisinone must not breast-feed (see sections 4.6 and 5.3).

HOS-093858 · has-contraindication-information · PDF-Seite 13

Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1. Mothers receiving nitisinone must not breast-feed (see sections 4.6 and 5.3).

HOS-093857 · has-indication-information · PDF-Seite 11

Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1) Orfadin is indicated for the treatment of adult and paediatric (in any age range) patients with confirmed diagnosis of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1) in combination with dietary restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine. Alkaptonuria (AKU) Orfadin is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with alkaptonuria (AKU).

HOS-093851 · has-indication-information · PDF-Seite 2

Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1) Orfadin is indicated for the treatment of adult and paediatric (in any age range) patients with confirmed diagnosis of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1) in combination with dietary restriction of tyrosine and phenylalanine. Alkaptonuria (AKU) Orfadin is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with alkaptonuria (AKU).

HOS-093860 · has-interaction-information · PDF-Seite 15

Nitisinone is metabolised in vitro by CYP 3A4 and dose-adjustment may therefore be needed when nitisinone is co-administered with inhibitors or inducers of this enzyme. Based on data from a clinical interaction study with 80 mg nitisinone at steady-state, nitisinone is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9 (2.3-fold increase in tolbutamide AUC), therefore nitisinone treatment may result in increased plasma concentrations of co-administered medicinal products metabolized primarily via CYP2C9 (see section 4.4). Nitisinone is a weak inducer of CYP2E1 (30% decrease in chlorzoxazone AUC) and a weak inhibitor of OAT1 and OAT3 (1.7-fold increase in AUC of furosemide), whereas nitisinone did not inhibit CYP2D6 (see section 5.2). Food does not influence the bioavailability of nitisinone oral suspension, but intake together with food decreases the absorption rate and consequently leads to lower fluctuations in serum concentrations within a dosage interval. Therefore, it is recommended that the oral suspension is taken with food, see section 4.2.

HOS-093854 · has-interaction-information · PDF-Seite 4

Nitisinone is metabolised in vitro by CYP 3A4 and dose-adjustment may therefore be needed when nitisinone is co-administered with inhibitors or inducers of this enzyme. Based on data from a clinical interaction study with 80 mg nitisinone at steady-state, nitisinone is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2C9 (2.3-fold increase in tolbutamide AUC), therefore nitisinone treatment may result in increased plasma concentrations of co-administered medicinal products metabolized primarily via CYP2C9 (see section 4.4). Nitisinone is a weak inducer of CYP2E1 (30% decrease in chlorzoxazone AUC) and a weak inhibitor of OAT1 and OAT3 (1.7-fold increase in AUC of furosemide), whereas nitisinone did not inhibit CYP2D6 (see section 5.2). No formal food interactions studies have been performed with Orfadin hard capsules. However, nitisinone has been co-administered with food during the generation of efficacy and safety data. Therefore, it is recommended that if nitisinone treatment with Orfadin hard capsules is initiated with food, this should be maintained on a routine basis, see section 4.2. 4

HOS-093861 · has-pregnancy-information · PDF-Seite 15

Pregnancy There are no adequate data from the use of nitisinone in pregnant women. Studies in animals have shown reproductive toxicity (see section 5.3). The potential risk for humans is unknown. Orfadin should not be used during pregnancy unless the clinical condition of the woman requires treatment with nitisinone. Nitisinone crosses the human placenta. Breast-feeding It is unknown whether nitisinone is excreted in human breast milk. Animal studies have shown adverse postnatal effects via exposure of nitisinone in milk. Therefore, mothers receiving nitisinone must not breast-feed, since a risk to the suckling child cannot be excluded (see sections 4.3 and 5.3). Fertility There are no data on nitisinone affecting fertility.

HOS-093855 · has-pregnancy-information · PDF-Seite 5

Pregnancy There are no adequate data from the use of nitisinone in pregnant women. Studies in animals have shown reproductive toxicity (see section 5.3). The potential risk for humans is unknown. Orfadin should not be used during pregnancy unless the clinical condition of the woman requires treatment with nitisinone. Nitisinone crosses the human placenta. Breast-feeding It is unknown whether nitisinone is excreted in human breast milk. Animal studies have shown adverse postnatal effects via exposure of nitisinone in milk. Therefore, mothers receiving nitisinone must not breast-feed, since a risk to the suckling child cannot be excluded (see sections 4.3 and 5.3). Fertility There are no data on nitisinone affecting fertility.

HOS-093853 · has-warning-information · PDF-Seite 3

Monitoring visits should be performed every 6 months; shorter intervals between visits are recommended in case of adverse events. 3 Monitoring of plasma tyrosine levels It is recommended that a slit-lamp examination of the eyes is performed before initiation of nitisinone treatment and thereafter regularly, at least once a year. A patient displaying visual disorders during treatment with nitisinone should without delay be examined by an ophthalmologist. HT-1: It should be established that the patient is adhering to his/her dietary regimen and the plasma tyrosine concentration should be measured. A more restricted tyrosine and phenylalanine diet should be implemented in case the plasma tyrosine level is above 500 micromol/l. It is not recommended to lower the plasma tyrosine concentration by reduction or discontinuation of nitisinone, since the metabolic defect may result in deterioration of the patient’s clinical condition. AKU: In patients who develop keratopathies, plasma tyrosine levels should be monitored. A diet restricted in tyrosine and phenylalanine should be implemented to keep the plasma tyrosine level below 500 micromol/l. In addition, nitisinone should be temporarily discontinued and may be reintroduced when the symptoms have been resolved. Liver monitoring HT-1: The liver function should be monitored regularly by liver function tests and liver imaging. It is recommended to also monitor serum alpha-fetoprotein concentrations. Increase in serum alpha-fetoprotein concentration may be a sign of inadequate treatment. Patients with increasing alpha-fetoprotein or signs of nodules in the liver should always be evaluated for hepatic malignancy. Platelet and white blood cell (WBC) monitoring It is recommended that platelet and WBC counts are monitored regularly for both HT-1 and AKU patients, as a few cases of reversible thrombocytopenia and leucopenia were observed during clinical evaluation of HT-1. Concomitant use with other medicinal products Nitisinone is a moderate CYP2C9 inhibitor. Nitisinone treatment may therefore result in increased plasma concentrations of co-administered medicinal products metabolized primarily via CYP2C9. Nitisinone-treated patients who are concomitantly treated with medicinal products with a narrow therapeutic window metabolized through CYP2C9, such as warfarin and phenytoin, should be carefully monitored. Dose-adjustment of these co-administered medicinal prod

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HOS-093859 · has-warning-information · PDF-Seite 13

Monitoring visits should be performed every 6 months; shorter intervals between visits are recommended in case of adverse events. 13 Monitoring of plasma tyrosine levels It is recommended that a slit-lamp examination of the eyes is performed before initiation of nitisinone treatment and thereafter regularly, at least once a year. A patient displaying visual disorders during treatment with nitisinone should without delay be examined by an ophthalmologist. HT:1: It should be established that the patient is adhering to his/her dietary regimen and the plasma tyrosine concentration should be measured. A more restricted tyrosine and phenylalanine diet should be implemented in case the plasma tyrosine level is above 500 micromol/l. It is not recommended to lower the plasma tyrosine concentration by reduction or discontinuation of nitisinone, since the metabolic defect may result in deterioration of the patient’s clinical condition. AKU: In patients who develop keratopathies, plasma tyrosine levels should be monitored. A diet restricted in tyrosine and phenylalanine should be implemented to keep the plasma tyrosine level below 500 micromol/l. In addition, nitisinone should be temporarily discontinued and may be reintroduced when the symptoms have been resolved. Liver monitoring HT-1: The liver function should be monitored regularly by liver function tests and liver imaging. It is recommended to also monitor serum alpha-fetoprotein concentrations. Increase in serum alpha-fetoprotein concentration may be a sign of inadequate treatment. Patients with increasing alpha-fetoprotein or signs of nodules in the liver should always be evaluated for hepatic malignancy. Platelet and white blood cell (WBC) monitoring It is recommended that platelet and WBC counts are monitored regularly for both HT-1 and AKU patients, as a few cases of reversible thrombocytopenia and leucopenia were observed during clinical evaluation of HT-1. Concomitant use with other medicinal products Nitisinone is a moderate CYP2C9 inhibitor. Nitisinone treatment may therefore result in increased plasma concentrations of co-administered medicinal products metabolized primarily via CYP2C9. Nitisinone-treated patients who are concomitantly treated with medicinal products with a narrow therapeutic window metabolized through CYP2C9, such as warfarin and phenytoin, should be carefully monitored. Dose-adjustment of these co-administered medicinal pro

Auszug; vollständigen Abschnitt im Original lesen.