Bitter Orange

What Do We Know About Safety?

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Bitter orange is likely safe when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Bitter orange oil is generally well tolerated when used topically or in aromatherapy. Serious concerns have been raised about possible risks of dietary supplements containing bitter orange. Cases of serious medical events, including abnormal heart rhythms, heart attacks, and strokes, have been reported in people who had taken bitter orange products, but most of the products contained multiple ingredients rather than bitter orange alone. Therefore, it is unclear whether bitter orange (or its component p-synephrine) played a role in causing the events. Evidence regarding the effects of bitter orange on the cardiovascular system is inconclusive. Some studies indicate that bitter orange raises blood pressure and heart rate, but others do not. Researchers from the FDA analyzed 59 bitter orange supplements for synephrine and related substances, all of which belong to a group of chemicals called amines. Several products contained higher amounts of amines than would be expected in a bitter orange extract. Of 23 products with labels that stated the amount of synephrine in the product, only 5 contained amounts of synephrine close to that indicated on the label (between 80 and 120 percent of the stated amount). Of particular concern, six products were adulterated with synthetic amines (methylsynephrine or isopropyloctopamine) that are not legal dietary ingredients in the United States and therefore are not permitted in dietary supplements. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using bitter orange or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. It may not be safe to use bitter orange during pregnancy or while breastfeeding, and data from animal experiments suggest that substances in bitter orange might decrease milk production.

Befund HOS-368810 · Originalquelle ↗

Bitter Orange ↗

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health; native text only, no photographs. · Public domain

Quellen-Hash: 07a8963431f963527038f78034296b75d9d6ed5301269e873352d414cf7d8851

• Bitter Orange: source-qualified safety advice