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Pflanzenmedizin · TCM · NCCIH

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Was wurde untersucht? Welche Unsicherheiten, Nebenwirkungen und Arzneimittelhinweise nennt die Quelle? Medizinische Studienlage und Sicherheit stehen neben der traditionellen Verwendung, mit verknüpften HealthOS-IDs.

Originalquelle und Aussage bleiben zusammen

Die englischen Originalabschnitte stammen aus NCCIH, Fachliteratur und LiverTox. Quellenprofile aus verschiedenen Publikationen sind keine zusätzlichen Pflanzenarten. Eine TCM-Kennzeichnung erscheint nur, wenn die Quelle diese Tradition ausdrücklich nennt. Traditionelle Verwendung ist kein klinischer Wirksamkeitsnachweis.

TCM-Forschung & Toxikologie

Fachquellen zu Pflanzen, Zubereitungen und Rezepturen. Publikationsdatum und Abrufdatum sind getrennt: Ein erneuter Abruf macht ältere Studien nicht zu neuer Evidenz. Tier- und Laborbefunde, Fallberichte und widersprüchliche Ergebnisse bleiben im Originalkontext.

20 passende Quellenprofile · Rezepturen, Extrakte und Pflanzen werden getrennt ausgewiesen.

24 Arzneimittelbefunde · Verknüpfte Wirkstoffe: 1 · 0 Toxizitätsbefunde · 0 Gegenanzeigen-/Vermeidungshinweise. Mehrere Befunde können dasselbe Pflanzen-Arzneimittel-Paar betreffen; auch ausbleibende und widersprüchliche Effekte bleiben enthalten.

Frontiers · Pflanze

Angelica sinensis (Oliv) Diels. (Danggui)

Quelle abgerufen

Angelica sinensis

HOS-368765 · tcm:frontiers-2021-751107:angelica-sinensis

Veröffentlicht / fachlich aktualisiert: 20.09.2021 · Quelle abgerufen: 27.10.2026

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Plants Containing Coumarin-like Ingredients Similar to Warfarin, Producing a Synergistic Effect

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Angelica sinensis (Oliv) Diels. (Danggui): The root of Angelica sinensis (Oliv) Diels. in the family Umbelliferae has pharmacological effects which include increasing coronary flow, reducing myocardial oxygen consumption, anti-arrhythmia, anti-atherosclerosis, inhibiting platelet aggregation, improving microcirculation, and improving immunity in the body. In 1995 Lo et al. (1995) showed using chemical analysis that Angelica sinensis contains coumarin-like active ingredients similar to warfarin such as parsley oil methyl ether and psoralen. These ingredients can inhibit the formation of thromboxane and platelet aggregation (Liu et al., 1995), and have a synergistic effect when combined with warfarin; in animal experiments, it was concluded that angelica had no effect on PT and pharmacokinetic parameters in warfarin single-dose experiments (p > 0.05). However, in warfarin steady-state experiments, angelica prolonged PT in rabbits, but had no effect on warfarin blood concentrations. Another reason may be that warfarin is able to displace angelica from its binding to plasma proteins, thereby increasing the blood concentration of angelica, which in excess produces anticoagulant effects due to the presence of coumarin-like components. Ye Z.W. reported (Ye et al., 2014) that ferulic acid in angelica administered in vivo or in vitro inhibits PAF, inhibits platelet aggregation reaction and enhances the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.

Befund HOS-368766 · warfarin · HOS-085950 · Originalquelle ↗

Keine gesonderte Gegenanzeige aus dieser Quelle erschlossen. Das bedeutet nicht, dass keine Gegenanzeigen bestehen.

Botanische Querverweise: HOS-215860. Gleiche Quellennamen setzen unterschiedliche Zubereitungen nicht gleich.

Literatur & Herkunft

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update ↗

Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Liu, Zhao, Sun, He, Wang, Jia, Lin, Chu and Xi. Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751107 · CC BY 4.0

Quellen-Hash: b46c221ac01dd09600094fcfc243f39e7e1846720f413ea49157075cd642ed78

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Frontiers · Pflanze

Carthamus tinctorius L. (Honghua)

Quelle abgerufen

Carthamus tinctorius

HOS-368744 · tcm:frontiers-2021-751107:carthamus-tinctorius

Veröffentlicht / fachlich aktualisiert: 20.09.2021 · Quelle abgerufen: 27.10.2026

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Reduce Platelet Aggregation

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Carthamus tinctorius L. (Honghua): The dried flower of Carthamus tinctorius L has the functions of promoting blood circulation and menstruation, relieving pain by removing blood stasis, and modern pharmacological studies have shown that it has anticoagulation and antiplatelet aggregation effects (Liu et al., 2012; Xu and Dong, 2012). Studies by Zhao et al. (2009) have shown that Carthamus tinctorius L. extract had a significant inhibitory effect on ADP-induced platelet aggregation in rabbits. It can significantly inhibit platelet aggregation in vivo and in vitro, and has a certain inhibitory effect on the activation of the endogenous coagulation system. It may produce a synergistic anticoagulant effect with warfarin. Studies by Liu et al. (2000), Zang et al. (2007), and Zhang et al. (2013) showed that safflower yellow, the main active ingredient in Carthamus tinctorius L., can inhibit platelet adhesion, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release and increase the concentration of free Ca2+ induced by platelet activating factor, significantly improve blood coagulation function, and has anti-thrombotic effects. Zhang et al. (2016) studies in rats showed that the combined use of Carthamus tinctorius L. and warfarin significantly prolonged PT value and bleeding time, but has no effect on the blood concentration of warfarin.

Befund HOS-368745 · warfarin · HOS-085950 · Originalquelle ↗

Keine gesonderte Gegenanzeige aus dieser Quelle erschlossen. Das bedeutet nicht, dass keine Gegenanzeigen bestehen.

Literatur & Herkunft

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update ↗

Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Liu, Zhao, Sun, He, Wang, Jia, Lin, Chu and Xi. Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751107 · CC BY 4.0

Quellen-Hash: b46c221ac01dd09600094fcfc243f39e7e1846720f413ea49157075cd642ed78

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Frontiers · Pflanze

Conioselinum anthriscoides ‘Chuanxiong’ (Chuanxiong)

Quelle abgerufen

Quellenbezeichnung; keine eindeutige botanische Zuordnung.

HOS-368757 · tcm:frontiers-2021-751107:conioselinum-chuanxiong

Veröffentlicht / fachlich aktualisiert: 20.09.2021 · Quelle abgerufen: 27.10.2026

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Reduction of Warfarin Metabolism

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Conioselinum anthriscoides ‘Chuanxiong’ (Chuanxiong): This is the dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort of the Umbelliferae family. It has the effect of activating blood circulation and qi circulation, dispelling wind and relieving pain. Its active ingredient of ligustrazine can dilate coronary arteries, increase coronary blood flow, improve myocardial blood oxygen supply, and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption; it can reduce platelet surface activity, inhibit platelet agglutination, and prevent thrombus formation. Li et al. (2016b) found that Conioselinum anthriscoides ‘Chuanxiong’ extract had inhibitory effects on CYP2C9 and CYPlA2, competitively inhibited metabolic enzymes, increased free warfarin, and increased the anticoagulant effect.

Befund HOS-368758 · warfarin · HOS-085950 · Originalquelle ↗

Keine gesonderte Gegenanzeige aus dieser Quelle erschlossen. Das bedeutet nicht, dass keine Gegenanzeigen bestehen.

Literatur & Herkunft

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update ↗

Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Liu, Zhao, Sun, He, Wang, Jia, Lin, Chu and Xi. Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751107 · CC BY 4.0

Quellen-Hash: b46c221ac01dd09600094fcfc243f39e7e1846720f413ea49157075cd642ed78

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Frontiers · Pflanze

Curcuma longa L. (Jianghuang)

Quelle abgerufen

Curcuma longa

HOS-368753 · tcm:frontiers-2021-751107:curcuma-longa

Veröffentlicht / fachlich aktualisiert: 20.09.2021 · Quelle abgerufen: 27.10.2026

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Reduction of Warfarin Metabolism

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Curcuma longa L. (Jianghuang): Jianghuang is the dried rhizome of Curcuma longa L., family Zingiberaceae. It has the effect of blood circulation activity and pain relief. It has modern pharmacological effects such as antihypertensive, antibacterial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, hypolipidemic and antitumor. Curcuma longa L. promotes the synthesis of prostaglandin PGI2, reduces the production of TXA2, and interferes with the production of cAMP or Ca2+ in platelets. Xia Q et al. found that Curcuma longa L. had a strong inhibitory effect on the CYP3A isoform of the CYP450 enzyme system (Xia et al., 2012). Therefore, Curcuma longa L. in combination with warfarin may enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and lead to bleeding; thus, INR values should be monitored during clinical treatment.

Befund HOS-368754 · warfarin · HOS-085950 · Originalquelle ↗

Keine gesonderte Gegenanzeige aus dieser Quelle erschlossen. Das bedeutet nicht, dass keine Gegenanzeigen bestehen.

Botanische Querverweise: HOS-215895 · HOS-287134. Gleiche Quellennamen setzen unterschiedliche Zubereitungen nicht gleich.

Literatur & Herkunft

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update ↗

Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Liu, Zhao, Sun, He, Wang, Jia, Lin, Chu and Xi. Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751107 · CC BY 4.0

Quellen-Hash: b46c221ac01dd09600094fcfc243f39e7e1846720f413ea49157075cd642ed78

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Frontiers · Rezeptur

Danhong Injection

Quelle abgerufen

Quellenbezeichnung; keine eindeutige botanische Zuordnung.

HOS-368781 · tcm:frontiers-2021-751107:danhong-injection

Veröffentlicht / fachlich aktualisiert: 20.09.2021 · Quelle abgerufen: 27.10.2026

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Reduction of Warfarin Metabolism

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Danhong Injection: Danhong injection (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Carthamus tinctorius L., 10 ml/stem, Shandong Danhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) significantly increased PT and INR values in rats (p < 0.01), and the effect of Danhong injection on APTT values was relatively small (p < 0.05). This suggests that Danhong injection has anticoagulant effects. It was shown that the combination of Danhong injection and warfarin could produce pharmacodynamic synergy and enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin mainly through the exogenous coagulation pathway, but also had some effect on the endogenous coagulation pathway (Feng et al., 2016). The combination of Danhong injection and warfarin increases the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and also increases the risk of bleeding, and the combination should be avoided or the dose should be reasonably adjusted and monitored.

Befund HOS-368782 · warfarin · HOS-085950 · Originalquelle ↗

Keine gesonderte Gegenanzeige aus dieser Quelle erschlossen. Das bedeutet nicht, dass keine Gegenanzeigen bestehen.

Literatur & Herkunft

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update ↗

Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Liu, Zhao, Sun, He, Wang, Jia, Lin, Chu and Xi. Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751107 · CC BY 4.0

Quellen-Hash: b46c221ac01dd09600094fcfc243f39e7e1846720f413ea49157075cd642ed78

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Frontiers · Pflanze

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. (Ciwujia)

Quelle abgerufen

Eleutherococcus senticosus

HOS-368755 · tcm:frontiers-2021-751107:eleutherococcus-senticosus

Veröffentlicht / fachlich aktualisiert: 20.09.2021 · Quelle abgerufen: 27.10.2026

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Reduction of Warfarin Metabolism

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. (Ciwujia): Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. is the rhizome or stem of Acantha panax senticosus (Rupr. et maxim) Harms, a plant of the genus Wujia, family Wujia. It has the effect of benefiting the qi, strengthening the spleen, tonifying the kidney and calming the mind. It has modern pharmacological effects of excitement or inhibition of the central nervous system, antitussive, expectorant and anti-platelet aggregation. Li et al. (2015) showed that Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. injection had no significant effect on APTT, PT and INR in rats, and the Cmax, AUC0-∞, t1/2, APTT and PT increased when combined with warfarin, suggesting that Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. injection itself had no anticoagulant effect, but can affect its pharmacokinetics and anticoagulant effect when combined with warfarin, and weaken warfarin metabolism by inhibiting the effect of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 (Zeng et al., 2012).

Befund HOS-368756 · warfarin · HOS-085950 · Originalquelle ↗

Keine gesonderte Gegenanzeige aus dieser Quelle erschlossen. Das bedeutet nicht, dass keine Gegenanzeigen bestehen.

Botanische Querverweise: HOS-215902. Gleiche Quellennamen setzen unterschiedliche Zubereitungen nicht gleich.

Literatur & Herkunft

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update ↗

Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Liu, Zhao, Sun, He, Wang, Jia, Lin, Chu and Xi. Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751107 · CC BY 4.0

Quellen-Hash: b46c221ac01dd09600094fcfc243f39e7e1846720f413ea49157075cd642ed78

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Frontiers · Rezeptur

Fufang Danshen Dripping Pills

Quelle abgerufen

Quellenbezeichnung; keine eindeutige botanische Zuordnung.

HOS-368779 · tcm:frontiers-2021-751107:fufang-danshen-dripping-pills

Veröffentlicht / fachlich aktualisiert: 20.09.2021 · Quelle abgerufen: 27.10.2026

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Reduction of Warfarin Metabolism

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Fufang Danshen Dripping Pills: Fufang Danshen Dripping Pills have the effect of activating blood circulation, resolving blood stasis, regulating qi and relieving pain. Fufang Danshen Dripping Pills consist of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Panax notoginseng, and borneol. Yi et al. (2013) found that Fufang Danshen Dripping Pills (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Panax notoginseng, and borneol, 27 mg/pill, Tianshili Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.) could alter the pharmacokinetic parameters of warfarin. Total Panax notoginseng saponin can reduce the metabolic rate of warfarin and enhance its anticoagulant effect by inhibiting its hydroxylation in rats. Yi et al. (2013) found that Fufang Danshen Dripping Pills alone for 4 weeks had a significant effect on coagulation. A significant increase in PT values was observed following the combination of Fufang Danshen Dripping Pills and warfarin, thus it was hypothesized that Fufang Danshen Dripping Pills and warfarin have a synergistic effect on anticoagulation. A clinical study (Guo and Zheng, 2009) found that the Cmax, AUC0∼144, AUC0∼∞, t1/2, PT, and APTT of warfarin were increased in healthy volunteers who were co-administered Fufang Danshen Dripping Pills, suggesting that Fufang Danshen Dripping Pills can affect the metabolism of warfarin and enhance its anticoagulant effect. However, animal experiments have also shown (Chu et al., 2011) that there were no significant changes in warfarin pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics when Fufang Danshen Dripping Pills were administered with warfarin, suggesting that regular doses of Fufang Danshen Dripping Pills may have no effect on warfarin pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in humans. Due to inconsistent results between animal experiments and clinical applications, further research is needed.

Befund HOS-368780 · warfarin · HOS-085950 · Originalquelle ↗

Keine gesonderte Gegenanzeige aus dieser Quelle erschlossen. Das bedeutet nicht, dass keine Gegenanzeigen bestehen.

Literatur & Herkunft

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update ↗

Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Liu, Zhao, Sun, He, Wang, Jia, Lin, Chu and Xi. Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751107 · CC BY 4.0

Quellen-Hash: b46c221ac01dd09600094fcfc243f39e7e1846720f413ea49157075cd642ed78

Im lokalen PubMed-Bestand weiter recherchieren →

Frontiers · Pflanze

Ginkgo biloba L. (Yinxinye)

Quelle abgerufen

Ginkgo biloba

HOS-368773 · tcm:frontiers-2021-751107:ginkgo-biloba

Veröffentlicht / fachlich aktualisiert: 20.09.2021 · Quelle abgerufen: 27.10.2026

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Induction of Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Activity and Reduction of Warfarin Anticoagulation

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Ginkgo biloba L. (Yinxinye): Ginkgo biloba L. can induce hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, accelerate the metabolism of warfarin, thereby reducing the anticoagulant effect of warfarin (Zhang et al., 2007), and its mechanism of action is still unclear.

Befund HOS-368774 · warfarin · HOS-085950 · Originalquelle ↗

Keine gesonderte Gegenanzeige aus dieser Quelle erschlossen. Das bedeutet nicht, dass keine Gegenanzeigen bestehen.

Botanische Querverweise: HOS-215920 · HOS-287125. Gleiche Quellennamen setzen unterschiedliche Zubereitungen nicht gleich.

Literatur & Herkunft

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update ↗

Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Liu, Zhao, Sun, He, Wang, Jia, Lin, Chu and Xi. Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751107 · CC BY 4.0

Quellen-Hash: b46c221ac01dd09600094fcfc243f39e7e1846720f413ea49157075cd642ed78

Im lokalen PubMed-Bestand weiter recherchieren →

Frontiers · Zubereitung / Extrakt

Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE)

Quelle abgerufen

Ginkgo biloba

HOS-368775 · tcm:frontiers-2021-751107:ginkgo-extract

Veröffentlicht / fachlich aktualisiert: 20.09.2021 · Quelle abgerufen: 27.10.2026

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Reduction of Warfarin Metabolism

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE): Ginkgo is a genus of Ginkgo biloba L. in the family Ginkgoaceae, also known as white fruit tree, gongsun tree, and duck palm tree, whose medicinal parts are mainly the leaves and fruits. Ginkgo has the functions of invigorating blood circulation, and removing blood stasis. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that ginkgo has hepatoprotective, antitumor, antiradiation, and renal protective effects, as well as antioxidant, pro-intellectual, anti-anxiety, sedative, lipid regulating and reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury effects (Han et al., 2007; Shi, 2008). Tan et al. (2011) found that Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) could block the production of platelet-derived growth factors through the inhibition of tyrosine kinase, thereby inhibiting thrombin-induced platelet activation and aggregation, with no or minimal effect on coagulation. In vitro studies have shown that GBE affects the enzymatic activity of CYP2C9 in vivo, thereby affecting S-warfarin 7-hydroxylation. However, in vivo studies have shown that GBE has no effect on the metabolism of the CYP2C9 substrates diclofenac and toluenesulfonylurea, and that neither GBE nor ginkgolide B affects the coagulation process, but that ginkgolide attenuates the anticoagulant effect of warfarin by inducing S-warfarin hydroxylase. Some experiments in rats have shown that GBE induces CYPs, but enzyme activity is quickly restored after discontinuation of dosing. GBE had no significant effect on single-dose warfarin pharmacodynamics, no effect on PT and APTT, and no significant change in apparent volume of distribution, but increased peak warfarin concentration, AUC, half-life, and decreased its clearance (Zhou and Zeng, 2011).

Befund HOS-368776 · warfarin · HOS-085950 · Originalquelle ↗

Keine gesonderte Gegenanzeige aus dieser Quelle erschlossen. Das bedeutet nicht, dass keine Gegenanzeigen bestehen.

Literatur & Herkunft

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update ↗

Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Liu, Zhao, Sun, He, Wang, Jia, Lin, Chu and Xi. Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751107 · CC BY 4.0

Quellen-Hash: b46c221ac01dd09600094fcfc243f39e7e1846720f413ea49157075cd642ed78

Im lokalen PubMed-Bestand weiter recherchieren →

Frontiers · Pflanze

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Gancao)

Quelle abgerufen

Quellenbezeichnung; keine eindeutige botanische Zuordnung.

HOS-368750 · tcm:frontiers-2021-751107:glycyrrhiza-glabra

Veröffentlicht / fachlich aktualisiert: 20.09.2021 · Quelle abgerufen: 27.10.2026

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Reduction of Warfarin Metabolism

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Gancao): Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. or Glycyrrhiza glabra L., a genus of licorice in the family Fabaceae. It has the effects of benefiting the qi and tonifying the middle, moistening the lung and relieving cough, clearing heat and detoxifying, relieving pain and harmonizing medicinal properties. It has modern pharmacological effects such as adrenocorticotropic hormone-like effects, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-peptic ulcer, antipyretic, sedative, and immune enhancing. Qiao et al. (Qiao et al., 2014) analyzed the interaction of more than 40 chemical components in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. with cytochrome P450 enzymes and showed that the flavonoids, terpenoids and coumarins in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. had different degrees of inhibitory effects on the activities of CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4/5, which resulted in slower warfarin metabolism, longer half-life and higher INR. Flavonoids can inhibit platelet function through multiple links (Xiang et al., 2008), mainly including blocking platelet activating factor (PAF) binding to platelet receptors, inhibiting the release of platelet endogenous substances, inhibiting the increase in intra-platelet Ca2+ and balancing the intra-platelet thromboxane B2-6-keto-prostaglandin (TXB2-6-keto-PGFla) system, which synergistically anticoagulated with warfarin.

Befund HOS-368751 · warfarin · HOS-085950 · Originalquelle ↗

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Plants Containing Coumarin-like Ingredients Similar to Warfarin, Producing a Synergistic Effect

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Gancao): The coumarin derivatives in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Chen et al., 2018) may show antiplatelet activity by increasing intra-platelet cAMP. However, animal tests have also shown that Glycyrrhiza glabra L. activates pregnane X receptors (PXR) and increases the clearance of warfarin, thereby reducing its anticoagulant effect, so the mechanism of interaction between Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and warfarin requires further investigation.

Befund HOS-368752 · warfarin · HOS-085950 · Originalquelle ↗

Keine gesonderte Gegenanzeige aus dieser Quelle erschlossen. Das bedeutet nicht, dass keine Gegenanzeigen bestehen.

Literatur & Herkunft

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update ↗

Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Liu, Zhao, Sun, He, Wang, Jia, Lin, Chu and Xi. Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751107 · CC BY 4.0

Quellen-Hash: b46c221ac01dd09600094fcfc243f39e7e1846720f413ea49157075cd642ed78

Im lokalen PubMed-Bestand weiter recherchieren →

Frontiers · Pflanze

Hypericum perforatum (Guanyejinsitao)

Quelle abgerufen

Hypericum perforatum

HOS-368767 · tcm:frontiers-2021-751107:hypericum-perforatum

Veröffentlicht / fachlich aktualisiert: 20.09.2021 · Quelle abgerufen: 27.10.2026

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Induction of Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Activity and Reduction of Warfarin Anticoagulation

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Hypericum perforatum (Guanyejinsitao): The dried above-ground part of Hypericum perforatum L., family Garciniaceae has the effects of soothing the liver and relieving depression, clearing heat and dampness, reducing swelling and clearing milk, and can be used to relieve mild and moderate depression, and its main active ingredient is hypericin. Combined with warfarin it significantly induces the apparent clearance of S- and R-type warfarin and attenuates its anticoagulant effect (Jiang et al., 2004). Hypericum perforatum can induce the activity of CYP3A4 through the PXR (Wang et al., 2009), and induces the expression of CYP1A2 (Silva et al., 2016), promotes the metabolism of warfarin and weakens its anticoagulant effect.

Befund HOS-368768 · warfarin · HOS-085950 · Originalquelle ↗

Keine gesonderte Gegenanzeige aus dieser Quelle erschlossen. Das bedeutet nicht, dass keine Gegenanzeigen bestehen.

Botanische Querverweise: HOS-215934 · HOS-368716. Gleiche Quellennamen setzen unterschiedliche Zubereitungen nicht gleich.

Literatur & Herkunft

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update ↗

Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Liu, Zhao, Sun, He, Wang, Jia, Lin, Chu and Xi. Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751107 · CC BY 4.0

Quellen-Hash: b46c221ac01dd09600094fcfc243f39e7e1846720f413ea49157075cd642ed78

Im lokalen PubMed-Bestand weiter recherchieren →

Frontiers · Pflanze

Lycium barbarum L. (Gouqizi)

Quelle abgerufen

Lycium barbarum

HOS-368748 · tcm:frontiers-2021-751107:lycium-barbarum

Veröffentlicht / fachlich aktualisiert: 20.09.2021 · Quelle abgerufen: 27.10.2026

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Reduction of Warfarin Metabolism

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Lycium barbarum L. (Gouqizi): The mature fruit of Lycium barbarum L., family Solanaceae has the effect of nourishing the liver and kidney, benefiting the essence and brightening the eyes, treating liver and kidney yin deficiency and premature aging. It has anti-aging, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic and hematopoietic effects. In an in vitro study (Leung et al., 2008), noted that Lycium barbarum L. tea inhibited warfarin metabolism by weakly inhibiting CYP2C9 activity in human liver microsomes, suggesting that this interaction may be due to the effect of factors such as absorption, P-glycoprotein or the anticoagulant effect of the herb itself. It was also observed that it was possible that the metabolites of Lycium barbarum L. displaced warfarin from its plasma protein binding site, leading to an increase in INR. Cheng (2012) confirmed using a Caco-2 cell assay that Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) may increase the absorption of the drug when combined with P-glycoprotein substrate, resulting in a higher blood concentration and enhanced efficacy. The high concentration of LBP increased the absorption of the drug by inhibiting the efflux transport of P-glycoprotein and increased the blood concentration and enhanced the effect of warfarin. Studies (Rivera et al., 2012; Zhuang et al., 2020) reported an unexplained and significant increase in INR value along with symptoms of rhinorrhagia, skin petechiae and rectal bleeding in an American woman after taking Lycium barbarum L. juice. Guzmán et al. (2021) reported a 75-year-old female patient who had a mitral valve replacement 3 years ago and was taking oral warfarin postoperatively with an INR controlled within the target range (2.5–3.5). Recent consumption of Lycium barbarum L. tea (1-2 cups per day) to prevent neocoronavirus infection eventually led to an increase in INR due to warfarin overdose.

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Literatur & Herkunft

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update ↗

Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Liu, Zhao, Sun, He, Wang, Jia, Lin, Chu and Xi. Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751107 · CC BY 4.0

Quellen-Hash: b46c221ac01dd09600094fcfc243f39e7e1846720f413ea49157075cd642ed78

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Frontiers · Pflanze

Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. (Renshen)

Quelle abgerufen

Panax ginseng

HOS-368769 · tcm:frontiers-2021-751107:panax-ginseng

Veröffentlicht / fachlich aktualisiert: 20.09.2021 · Quelle abgerufen: 27.10.2026

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Induction of Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Activity and Reduction of Warfarin Anticoagulation

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. (Renshen) and Panax quinquefolius L. (Xiyangshen): The dried roots of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. of the family Pentacostaceae have the effects of invigorating qi, promoting body fluid, soothing the nerves, and nourishing the mind. The modern pharmacological effects include anti-shock, increasing the amplitude of heartbeat and heart rate, anti-fatigue, promoting hematopoiesis, regulating cholesterol metabolism, enhancing the immune function of the body, and lowering blood sugar. Xiyangshen is the root of Panax quinquefolius L., a plant in the Araliaceae family, with the effects of tonifying qi and nourishing yin, clearing heat and generating fluid, improving immunity, inhibiting platelet coagulation, promoting blood circulation, and preventing arterial atherosclerosis. You et al. (2015) showed that these two herbs combined with warfarin decreased the INR in patients. Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. and Panax quinquefolius L. contain a variety of ginsenosides, of which ginsenoside F1 may induce the gene expression of CYP3A4 and enhance its enzymatic activity by activating the progesterone receptor in a concentration-dependent manner. However, it has also been shown (Malati et al., 2012) that ginsenosides Rg3, Rh2, and C-K inhibit the activities of CYP2C9, CYP3A4, and CYP2C19, while Rb1 and C-K moderately inhibit the activity of CYP1A2, and low doses of ginseng do not alter the activities of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein (Janetzky and Morreale, 1997; Hao et al., 2008). There are mixed findings in the literature regarding the effects of ginseng on CYP450 enzymes, and the mechanism by which it attenuates the anticoagulant effect of warfarin remains to be further clarified.

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Botanische Querverweise: HOS-215921 · HOS-287120. Gleiche Quellennamen setzen unterschiedliche Zubereitungen nicht gleich.

Literatur & Herkunft

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update ↗

Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Liu, Zhao, Sun, He, Wang, Jia, Lin, Chu and Xi. Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751107 · CC BY 4.0

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Frontiers · Pflanze

Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. Chen (Sanqi)

Quelle abgerufen

Panax notoginseng

HOS-368746 · tcm:frontiers-2021-751107:panax-notoginseng

Veröffentlicht / fachlich aktualisiert: 20.09.2021 · Quelle abgerufen: 27.10.2026

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Reduce Platelet Aggregation

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. Chen (Sanqi): The dry radix et rhizome of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen has the effects of removing blood stasis, stopping bleeding, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain. Modern pharmacological effects include hemostasis (promoting blood clotting), anti-thrombosis, promoting hematopoiesis, inhibiting the heart, expanding blood vessels, and lowering blood pressure. The main components of Panax notoginseng are total saponins (Panax notoginseng saponins, PNS). PNS mainly consists of Panax notoginseng saponin Rg1 and Panax notoginseng saponin Rb1. It is widely used in the clinical treatment of various cerebrovascular diseases. When combined with warfarin, it can increase the peak concentration of warfarin to enhance its anticoagulant effect, and significantly increase the PT value and INR value of warfarin (p < 0.05). The mechanism underlying the reduction of thrombosis may be through increasing the cAMP content in platelets and reducing thromboxane A-2 (TXA-2) (Xu et al., 1997). Therefore, Panax notoginseng combined with warfarin may cause increased INR and multiple subcutaneous hemorrhage and ecchymosis.

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Literatur & Herkunft

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update ↗

Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Liu, Zhao, Sun, He, Wang, Jia, Lin, Chu and Xi. Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751107 · CC BY 4.0

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Frontiers · Pflanze

Panax quinquefolius L. (Xiyangshen)

Quelle abgerufen

Panax quinquefolius

HOS-368771 · tcm:frontiers-2021-751107:panax-quinquefolius

Veröffentlicht / fachlich aktualisiert: 20.09.2021 · Quelle abgerufen: 27.10.2026

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Induction of Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Activity and Reduction of Warfarin Anticoagulation

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. (Renshen) and Panax quinquefolius L. (Xiyangshen): The dried roots of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. of the family Pentacostaceae have the effects of invigorating qi, promoting body fluid, soothing the nerves, and nourishing the mind. The modern pharmacological effects include anti-shock, increasing the amplitude of heartbeat and heart rate, anti-fatigue, promoting hematopoiesis, regulating cholesterol metabolism, enhancing the immune function of the body, and lowering blood sugar. Xiyangshen is the root of Panax quinquefolius L., a plant in the Araliaceae family, with the effects of tonifying qi and nourishing yin, clearing heat and generating fluid, improving immunity, inhibiting platelet coagulation, promoting blood circulation, and preventing arterial atherosclerosis. You et al. (2015) showed that these two herbs combined with warfarin decreased the INR in patients. Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. and Panax quinquefolius L. contain a variety of ginsenosides, of which ginsenoside F1 may induce the gene expression of CYP3A4 and enhance its enzymatic activity by activating the progesterone receptor in a concentration-dependent manner. However, it has also been shown (Malati et al., 2012) that ginsenosides Rg3, Rh2, and C-K inhibit the activities of CYP2C9, CYP3A4, and CYP2C19, while Rb1 and C-K moderately inhibit the activity of CYP1A2, and low doses of ginseng do not alter the activities of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein (Janetzky and Morreale, 1997; Hao et al., 2008). There are mixed findings in the literature regarding the effects of ginseng on CYP450 enzymes, and the mechanism by which it attenuates the anticoagulant effect of warfarin remains to be further clarified.

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Literatur & Herkunft

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update ↗

Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Liu, Zhao, Sun, He, Wang, Jia, Lin, Chu and Xi. Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751107 · CC BY 4.0

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Frontiers · Pflanze

Pyrola calliantha Andres calliantha Andres (Luticao)

Quelle abgerufen

Quellenbezeichnung; keine eindeutige botanische Zuordnung.

HOS-368761 · tcm:frontiers-2021-751107:pyrola-source-group

Veröffentlicht / fachlich aktualisiert: 20.09.2021 · Quelle abgerufen: 27.10.2026

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Inhibiting the Effect of Warfarin Antagonist Vitamin K

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Pyrola calliantha Andres calliantha Andres (Luticao): This is the whole plant of Pyrola rotundifolia L. Subsp. Chinensis H. Andres, P. decorata H. Andres or P. rotundifolia L., also known as deer’s-foot herb. Pyrola calliantha Andres has antibacterial, cardiac contractility enhancing, antiarrhythmic and contraceptive effects, and is mainly used in lung infections, intestinal and urinary tract infections, liver abscesses and other diseases (Wang, 1983). Xie et al. (2001) reported that Pyrola calliantha Andres, whose active ingredients are salicylates, can affect thrombin synthesis by inhibiting the oxidoreductase enzyme of vitamin K impeding its metabolic cycle and reducing the absorption of vitamin K. It may also be due to salicylates displacing warfarin from plasma protein binding and elevating the blood concentration of warfarin resulting in an enhanced anticoagulant effect of warfarin.

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Literatur & Herkunft

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update ↗

Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Liu, Zhao, Sun, He, Wang, Jia, Lin, Chu and Xi. Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751107 · CC BY 4.0

Quellen-Hash: b46c221ac01dd09600094fcfc243f39e7e1846720f413ea49157075cd642ed78

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Frontiers · Pflanze

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen)

Quelle abgerufen

Salvia miltiorrhiza

HOS-368739 · tcm:frontiers-2021-751107:salvia-miltiorrhiza

Veröffentlicht / fachlich aktualisiert: 20.09.2021 · Quelle abgerufen: 27.10.2026

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Reduce Platelet Aggregation

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen): The dried radix et rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge has the functions of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, relieving pain by dredging meridians, clearing heart fire, relieving restlessness, and cooling blood to diminish carbuncle. Modern pharmacological effects are anti-coagulation, anti-thrombosis, improvement of microcirculation, improvement of blood rheology, anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-cerebral ischemia, anti-oxidation, etc. In vivo (Fan et al., 2010), salvianolic acid A (SAA) did not affect coagulation parameters in rats after intravenous administration for five successive days. In vitro, pretreatment with SAA on washed rat and human platelets significantly inhibited various agonists, stimulated platelet aggregation and caused an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level in platelets activated by adenosine diphosphate (ADP). SAA possesses antithrombotic activities. The antithrombotic effect might be related to its antiplatelet action and ability to modulate hemorheology without affecting the coagulation system. The mechanisms underlying such activities may involve the induction of cAMP. Li Le reported that Salvia miltiorrhiza can increase the activity of coagulation factor Ⅲ and fibrinolysis by inhibiting platelet aggregation, and can reduce the clearance rate of warfarin to enhance its anticoagulant effect (Li L. et al., 2016). A pharmacological study by Xie H.J. et al. showed that Salvia miltiorrhiza has the effect of anti-platelet aggregation, but does not affect blood coagulation function in rats (Xie et al., 2009). When combined with warfarin, it can increase the steady-state blood concentration and INR of warfarin in rats, and enhance the anticoagulation of warfarin.

Befund HOS-368740 · warfarin · HOS-085950 · Originalquelle ↗

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Reduction of Warfarin Metabolism

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen): Wang et al. (2010a) studied human cells and showed that tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone strongly inhibited CYP1A2, moderately inhibited CYP2C9, tanshinone I and cryptotanshinone, weakly inhibited CYP3A4, dihydrotanshinone and competitively inhibited CYP1A2 and CYP2C9, but had no effect on CYP3A4. Qiu et al. (2008), Wang (2015) investigated the effects of various components of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge on the activity of cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in humans and found that cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA competitively inhibited CYP1A2, cryptotanshinone and tanshinin moderately inhibited CYP2C9, protocatechualdehyde slightly inhibited CYP3A4, while the lipid soluble components of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge could induce CYP3A4. Wang et al. (2009), Wang et al. (2010b) showed in both in vivo and ex vivo experiments in rats that tanshinones inhibited the activity of CYP2C11, but had fewer pharmacodynamic effects on the CYP2C11-specific substrate toluene sulfonylurea, which had the same specific metabolic substrate as human CYP2C9, therefore it can be concluded that various components of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge may affect the anticoagulant effect of warfarin by inhibiting CYP2C9 and CYP1A2, inhibiting or inducing CYP3A4, and competitively binding to human albumin and other ways. Wu and Yeung (2010) also found that tanshinone reduced CYP1A1, CYP2C6 and CYP2C11 mediated 4-, 6- and 7-hydroxywarfarin hydroxylation reactions in rats, thereby inhibiting warfarin metabolism. Zhou et al. (2012) also concluded that Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge affected the anticoagulant effect of warfarin in relation to CYP450 enzyme metabolism.

Befund HOS-368741 · warfarin · HOS-085950 · Originalquelle ↗

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Reduction of Warfarin Metabolism

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen): Lo et al. (1992) studied the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge on warfarin metabolism in rats. It was found that Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge decreased the absorption rate, apparent volume of distribution and clearance half-life of warfarin, and increased the peak concentration and time to peak thereby enhancing the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.

Befund HOS-368742 · warfarin · HOS-085950 · Originalquelle ↗

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Competitive Binding to Plasma Proteins Increases Free State Warfarin Concentration

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Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen): Wang Q. et al. (Tan et al., 2002; Liu et al., 2008; Guo and Zheng, 2009; Wang, 2013) concluded that the binding rate of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and tanshinone IIa to human serum proteins was comparable to that of warfarin, and could replace warfarin in warfarin-albumin complexes, which could significantly reduce the plasma protein binding rate of warfarin, increase the free warfarin concentration in blood, and enhance the anticoagulant effect. Wang (2013) also found that tanshinone IIa and oleanolic acid in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge also have certain inhibitory effects on coagulation factor Xa. When Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is used in combination with warfarin, the anticoagulant effect is enhanced, which may lead to bleeding adverse reactions.

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Botanische Querverweise: HOS-216005. Gleiche Quellennamen setzen unterschiedliche Zubereitungen nicht gleich.

Literatur & Herkunft

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update ↗

Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Liu, Zhao, Sun, He, Wang, Jia, Lin, Chu and Xi. Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751107 · CC BY 4.0

Quellen-Hash: b46c221ac01dd09600094fcfc243f39e7e1846720f413ea49157075cd642ed78

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Frontiers · Rezeptur

Shunaoxin Dripping Pills

Quelle abgerufen

Quellenbezeichnung; keine eindeutige botanische Zuordnung.

HOS-368777 · tcm:frontiers-2021-751107:shunaoxin-dripping-pills

Veröffentlicht / fachlich aktualisiert: 20.09.2021 · Quelle abgerufen: 27.10.2026

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Reduce Platelet Aggregation

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Shunaoxin Dripping Pills: Shunaoxin Dripping Pills are composed of Ligusticum chuanxiong and Angelica sinensis (42 mg/pill, Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. Sixth Chinese Medicine Factory). They have the effects of regulating qi, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis and relieving pain. Studies by Feng Bo (Feng et al., 2015) have shown that Shunaoxin Dripping Pills have a strong anti-platelet aggregation effect in vitro, and with an increase in dose, the inhibition of platelet aggregation in vivo increased slightly. Shunaoxin Dripping Pills can significantly reduce platelet aggregation induced by ADP and thrombin, and is positively correlated with the dose. High doses combined with warfarin can significantly prolong APTT, PT, and thrombin time (TT), suggesting that Shunaoxin Dripping pills have the effect of anti-platelet aggregation, and high-dose combination with warfarin can increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.

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Literatur & Herkunft

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update ↗

Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Liu, Zhao, Sun, He, Wang, Jia, Lin, Chu and Xi. Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751107 · CC BY 4.0

Quellen-Hash: b46c221ac01dd09600094fcfc243f39e7e1846720f413ea49157075cd642ed78

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Frontiers · Pflanze

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (Shuifeiji)

Quelle abgerufen

Silybum marianum

HOS-368759 · tcm:frontiers-2021-751107:silybum-marianum

Veröffentlicht / fachlich aktualisiert: 20.09.2021 · Quelle abgerufen: 27.10.2026

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Reduction of Warfarin Metabolism

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (Shuifeiji): This is the dried and mature fruit of the Silybum, family Asteraceae. It is harvested in autumn when the fruit is ripe, impurities are removed and it is dried in the Sun. It is bitter and cool to taste, with the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying, draining the liver and stimulating the bile. The modern pharmacological effects of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. include protecting against liver injury, and anti-liver virus. Brantley et al. (2014) found that its combination with warfarin could increase the area under drug time curve (AUC) of S-type warfarin, which enhanced its anticoagulant effect. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. can moderately inhibit the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C8, and CYP2C9 enzymes and weakly inhibit the activities of CYP2A6, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and other enzymes (Brantley et al., 2010). Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. can enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin by weakening its metabolism when combined with warfarin.

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Botanische Querverweise: HOS-216014 · HOS-368704. Gleiche Quellennamen setzen unterschiedliche Zubereitungen nicht gleich.

Literatur & Herkunft

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update ↗

Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Liu, Zhao, Sun, He, Wang, Jia, Lin, Chu and Xi. Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751107 · CC BY 4.0

Quellen-Hash: b46c221ac01dd09600094fcfc243f39e7e1846720f413ea49157075cd642ed78

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Frontiers · Pflanze

Tribulus terrestris L. (Jili)

Quelle abgerufen

Tribulus terrestris

HOS-368763 · tcm:frontiers-2021-751107:tribulus-terrestris

Veröffentlicht / fachlich aktualisiert: 20.09.2021 · Quelle abgerufen: 27.10.2026

Arzneimittelbeziehung · warfarin

Inhibiting the Effect of Warfarin Antagonist Vitamin K

Quellenbefund mit unverändertem Untersuchungskontext. Klinischer Schweregrad: nicht bewertet.

Tribulus terrestris L. (Jili): The mature fruit of Tribulus terrestris L., a plant of the family Tribulus terrestris has the effects of calming the liver and relieving depression, activating the blood and dispelling wind, brightening the eyes, and relieving itching. Modern pharmacological effects include anti-myocardial ischemia, delaying aging, and anti-acetylcholine. Tang (2007) reported that Tribulus terrestris L. and its preparations can inhibit the production of vitamin K by intestinal flora, interfere with platelet aggregation, and affect the absorption, distribution, and metabolism of warfarin, so that the anticoagulant effect of warfarin is enhanced, pending further research.

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Botanische Querverweise: HOS-216035. Gleiche Quellennamen setzen unterschiedliche Zubereitungen nicht gleich.

Literatur & Herkunft

Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update ↗

Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Liu, Zhao, Sun, He, Wang, Jia, Lin, Chu and Xi. Interaction Between Chinese Medicine and Warfarin: Clinical and Research Update. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751107 · CC BY 4.0

Quellen-Hash: b46c221ac01dd09600094fcfc243f39e7e1846720f413ea49157075cd642ed78

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5 NCCIH-Pflanzenprofile

Originaltexte · botanische Identität · Sicherheitsbeziehungen

NCCIH · TCM laut Quelle

Asian Ginseng

Quelle aktuell abgerufen

Panax ginseng

HOS-287120nccih:asian-ginseng

Verwendung & Hintergrund · Background
Asian ginseng is native to the Far East, including Korea, northeastern China, and far-eastern Siberia. It has been used as a calming agent in traditional Chinese medicine and as an adaptogen. (Adaptogenic herbs are thought to help the body resist physiological and psychological stress.) Asian ginseng is one of several types of ginseng. The terms “red ginseng” and “white ginseng” refer to Asian ginseng that is prepared in two different ways. The part of the plant most frequently used for health purposes is the root. Asian ginseng has been promoted for stress, cognitive function, flu, fatigue, athletic performance, diabetes, aging, asthma, anxiety, and other conditions. Asian ginseng contains many substances; those thought to be most important are called ginsenosides (or panaxosides).
Medizinische Studienlage · How Much Do We Know?
The amount of research on Asian ginseng for various conditions has gradually increased over recent years. Most of the clinical trials have been small, with fewer than 200 participants, and shorter than 3 months. Larger multicenter studies that last longer than 3 months are needed to improve the clinical evidence of Asian ginseng for different conditions.
Medizinische Studienlage · What Have We Learned?
A small amount of research has suggested that Asian ginseng may improve cognitive function, including abstract thinking, attention, arithmetic skills, and reaction time, in middle-aged adults but not in young adults. Any benefit from Asian ginseng on memory has appeared to depend on the addition of ginkgo. A very small amount of preliminary research suggests that Asian ginseng extract may help reduce the risk of developing the flu but not the severity or duration of symptoms. A 2023 review of 19 studies (2,413 participants) suggested two notable results: Asian ginseng alone may have a small beneficial effect on general fatigue (not related to specific diseases); and certain ginseng herbal formulas containing other ingredients may be beneficial for chronic fatigue, but not ginseng alone. However, not all research agrees on Asian ginseng’s possible benefits for fatigue. A 2022 review of 20 studies (1,295 participants) found that Asian ginseng improved many cardiometabolic factors in people with prediabetes and diabetes, including fasting blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, and certain inflammatory markers. But research on the use of Asian ginseng for improving blood sugar control in people with diabetes is overall inconclusive and conflicting. Some research shows that taking oral Asian ginseng seems to improve sexual function in people with erectile dysfunction (ED). Asian ginseng has also been studied in adults with symptoms of ED associated with an enlarged prostate, and one small study suggested it may improve some aspects of sexual function. The majority of research shows that Asian ginseng does not improve athletic performance. There is interest in using Asian ginseng for many other conditions, including aging, asthma, and anxiety, but there isn’t enough reliable information to say whether it might be helpful for these conditions.
Sicherheit, Toxizität & Arzneimittel · What Do We Know About Safety?
Short-term oral use (by mouth, up to 6 months) of Asian ginseng in recommended amounts appears to be safe for most people. However, questions have been raised about its long-term safety, and some experts recommend against its use for infants, children, and women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. There isn't enough reliable information to know if Asian ginseng used topically on the skin is safe. It might cause side effects such as irritation and burning. Insomnia (trouble sleeping) is the herb’s most common side effect. Uncommon side effects that have been reported include severe rash, liver damage, and severe allergic reactions. Asian ginseng may worsen autoimmune disorders and interfere with blood clotting. Some evidence suggests that Asian ginseng might lower blood sugar levels. If you have diabetes, consult your health care provider before using Asian ginseng. Asian ginseng might interact with certain medications. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using Asian ginseng or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. Some studies of Asian ginseng suggest it may be unsafe when taken orally during pregnancy. One of the chemicals in it has been found to cause birth defects in animals. If you’re considering using Asian ginseng while pregnant, consult your health care provider. Little is known about whether it’s safe to use Asian ginseng while breastfeeding.

Benannte Arzneimittel in den Sicherheitshinweisen · 1

Automatisch verknüpfte Quellenstellen. Jede Nennung behält ihren Kontext; klinischer Schweregrad, Gegenanzeige und Richtung der Wechselwirkung werden daraus nicht pauschal abgeleitet.

NCCIH-Fachüberblick · Asian Ginseng

Eigener Quellenstand, abgerufen am 27.10.2026. Die Zuordnung zum Pflanzenprofil beruht auf der übereinstimmenden Überschrift und Abschnittskennung des Herausgebers.

There are uncertainties about whether ginseng might interact with certain medications, such as calcium channel blockers and other high blood pressure medications, as well as statin medications and some antidepressants. Studies on the effect of Asian ginseng on the anticoagulant warfarin have had mixed results.

Abschnitt im NCCIH-Fachüberblick ↗

Dokument SHA-256: 80a7c442dbd3644dc6a54b986a8cfed8061d02d7653f7f03616f63f2c74f9190

warfarin · Fachüberblick · uneinheitliche Studienergebnisse

Die Quelle beschreibt uneinheitliche Studienergebnisse. Daraus wird keine eindeutige Wirkungsrichtung abgeleitet.

There are uncertainties about whether ginseng might interact with certain medications, such as calcium channel blockers and other high blood pressure medications, as well as statin medications and some antidepressants. Studies on the effect of Asian ginseng on the anticoagulant warfarin have had mixed results.

warfarin · HOS-085950 · Beziehung HOS-368667 · Originalquelle ↗

Asian Ginseng · Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 517–828 (Unicode-Codepoints).

Gleicher botanischer Quellenname bei EMA

Zubereitungen und medizinische Aussagen sind dadurch nicht gleichgesetzt.

Literatur aus lokalem PubMed · 3

Zusätzliche Literaturverweise aus der lokalen Suche. Titel und Metadaten wurden gefunden; Abstracts und Aussagen wurden damit noch nicht bewertet.

Herkunft & Quellenstand

NCCIH: Asian Ginseng. Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Öffentliche Originaltexte; Bildrechte separat.

Dokument SHA-256: 473e3d3c7009c807bb64d2ba11ee47fbd446c0f2117cb48f11a86ded6a8b6f81

NCCIH

Chamomile

Quelle aktuell abgerufen

Matricaria recutita · Chamomilla recutita · Matricaria chamomilla

HOS-287138nccih:chamomile

Verwendung & Hintergrund · Background
There are two types of chamomile: German chamomile and Roman chamomile. This fact sheet focuses on German chamomile. Chamomile was described in ancient medical writings and was an important medicinal herb in ancient China, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Today, chamomile is promoted for the common cold, indigestion, anxiety, insomnia, excessive crying in infants (colic), respiratory disorders such as cough and bronchitis, and many other conditions. It is also used topically for some skin conditions and as a mouthwash.
Medizinische Studienlage · How Much Do We Know?
Studies of the effectiveness of chamomile for a variety of specific conditions have not produced sufficient reliable evidence to rate clinical usefulness. Also, some studies look at products made of chamomile plus other herbs, so it is difficult to know chamomile’s exact role from those studies.
Medizinische Studienlage · What Have We Learned?
Some preliminary studies suggest that a chamomile dietary supplement might be helpful for generalized anxiety disorder and associated depression. Some research has found that products containing certain combinations of herbs that include chamomile may be of benefit for diarrhea in children and for infants with colic. But chamomile alone has not been shown to be helpful for these conditions. Small studies suggest that mouthwashes containing chamomile might prevent or treat swelling or irritation in the mouth resulting from radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or stem cell transplantation. There’s very little information on chamomile’s effect on insomnia. A 2019 review of chamomile use found one study on insomnia, which found no benefit from its use for this sleep disorder.
Sicherheit, Toxizität & Arzneimittel · What Do We Know About Safety?
Chamomile is likely safe when used orally in amounts commonly found in teas and other foods. It is possibly safe when used by adults and children orally for medicinal purposes over the short term. Using chamomile on the skin in adults and children or as an oral rinse for medicinal purposes is possibly safe at certain doses and over the short term. Side effects are uncommon and may include nausea, dizziness, and allergic reactions, including severe hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis, in some people. If used near the eyes, chamomile might cause eye irritation. People are more likely to experience allergic reactions to chamomile if they’re allergic to related plants such as ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, or daisies. Chamomile might have some of the same effects as estrogen. Preliminary studies suggest that taking chamomile along with birth control pills might decrease the effects of birth control pills. In addition, chamomile might worsen any condition that is sensitive to exposure to estrogen, such as breast or uterine cancer. Interactions between chamomile and some drugs metabolized by the liver and warfarin (a blood thinner) have been reported, and there are theoretical reasons to suspect that chamomile might interact with other drugs as well, such as sedatives. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using chamomile or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. Little is known about whether it’s safe to use chamomile during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Benannte Arzneimittel in den Sicherheitshinweisen · 2

Automatisch verknüpfte Quellenstellen. Jede Nennung behält ihren Kontext; klinischer Schweregrad, Gegenanzeige und Richtung der Wechselwirkung werden daraus nicht pauschal abgeleitet.

NCCIH-Fachüberblick · Chamomile

Eigener Quellenstand, abgerufen am 27.10.2026. Die Zuordnung zum Pflanzenprofil beruht auf der übereinstimmenden Überschrift und Abschnittskennung des Herausgebers.

Preliminary studies suggest that taking chamomile along with oral contraceptives might decrease the effects of oral contraceptives. Interactions between chamomile and some drugs metabolized by the liver and warfarin have been reported, and there are theoretical reasons to suspect that chamomile might interact with other drugs as well, such as sedatives.

Abschnitt im NCCIH-Fachüberblick ↗

Dokument SHA-256: 80a7c442dbd3644dc6a54b986a8cfed8061d02d7653f7f03616f63f2c74f9190

warfarin · Pflanzenmerkblatt
Chamomile is likely safe when used orally in amounts commonly found in teas and other foods. It is possibly safe when used by adults and children orally for medicinal purposes over the short term. Using chamomile on the skin in adults and children or as an oral rinse for medicinal purposes is possibly safe at certain doses and over the short term. Side effects are uncommon and may include nausea, dizziness, and allergic reactions, including severe hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis, in some people. If used near the eyes, chamomile might cause eye irritation. People are more likely to experience allergic reactions to chamomile if they’re allergic to related plants such as ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, or daisies. Chamomile might have some of the same effects as estrogen. Preliminary studies suggest that taking chamomile along with birth control pills might decrease the effects of birth control pills. In addition, chamomile might worsen any condition that is sensitive to exposure to estrogen, such as breast or uterine cancer. Interactions between chamomile and some drugs metabolized by the liver and warfarin (a blood thinner) have been reported, and there are theoretical reasons to suspect that chamomile might interact with other drugs as well, such as sedatives. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using chamomile or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. Little is known about whether it’s safe to use chamomile during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

warfarin · HOS-085950 · Beziehung HOS-287139 · Originalquelle ↗

Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 1806–3369 (Unicode-Codepoints).

warfarin · Fachüberblick
Preliminary studies suggest that taking chamomile along with oral contraceptives might decrease the effects of oral contraceptives. Interactions between chamomile and some drugs metabolized by the liver and warfarin have been reported, and there are theoretical reasons to suspect that chamomile might interact with other drugs as well, such as sedatives.

warfarin · HOS-085950 · Beziehung HOS-368673 · Originalquelle ↗

Chamomile · Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 5238–5593 (Unicode-Codepoints).

Gleicher botanischer Quellenname bei EMA

Zubereitungen und medizinische Aussagen sind dadurch nicht gleichgesetzt.

Literatur aus lokalem PubMed · 12

Zusätzliche Literaturverweise aus der lokalen Suche. Titel und Metadaten wurden gefunden; Abstracts und Aussagen wurden damit noch nicht bewertet.

Herkunft & Quellenstand

NCCIH: Chamomile. Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Öffentliche Originaltexte; Bildrechte separat.

Dokument SHA-256: 8ec333d5d6e5fed0447fb6e3ad14e5738663b6438bd70fae3bfbd2d8cfe0f461

NCCIH

Cranberry

Quelle aktuell abgerufen

Vaccinium macrocarpon · Oxycoccus macrocarpos · Vaccinium oxycoccos

HOS-368685nccih:cranberry

Verwendung & Hintergrund · Background
Cranberry is an evergreen shrub that grows in wet habitats in the Northeastern and North Central parts of North America. Cranberry has a history of traditional use in dyes, food, and medicine among Native Americans and later European settlers. Cranberry fruits and leaves were thought to have therapeutic effects on disorders of the bladder, stomach, blood, and liver, and on various conditions like wounds, diabetes, and scurvy. Today, cranberry is commonly promoted for urinary tract infections (UTIs) and recurrent UTIs. Cranberry products are promoted for these common infections in part because of a growing interest in nonantibiotic prevention strategies, given concerns about antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Medizinische Studienlage · How Much Do We Know?
There have been many studies on cranberry for the prevention of UTIs, especially among women at increased risk for UTIs or recurrent UTIs. However, some research isn’t of high quality. There’s little research on cranberry for other conditions.
Medizinische Studienlage · What Have We Learned?
In general, cranberry products may decrease the overall risk of symptomatic, recurrent UTIs in women by 25 percent, and in some cases, by more than 30 percent. However, the effectiveness of cranberry is still in question because of inconsistent findings. While cranberry may assist in preventing symptomatic UTIs in some women, it isn’t recommended as a treatment for existing UTIs in any population. It’s thought that the proanthocyanidins (PACs) present in cranberries prevent bacteria from sticking to the bladder wall, thus preventing the start of a UTI. Processing cranberries into various products, like tablets or capsules, can reduce the concentration of PACs, which can reduce the potential effectiveness of a product. Studies in certain populations at increased risk for UTIs, such as elderly people in long-term care and pregnant women, have had inconsistent results. Studies in other high-risk populations, such as women undergoing gynecological surgeries or people with multiple sclerosis, have not found cranberry to be beneficial in reducing the risk for UTIs. Starting in 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has allowed manufacturers to claim on product labels that there is “limited” evidence that daily consumption of specified amounts of cranberry dietary supplements may reduce the risk of recurrent UTIs in healthy women. A similar claim may be made for cranberry juice beverages, but the evidence must be described as “limited and inconsistent.”
Sicherheit, Toxizität & Arzneimittel · What Do We Know About Safety?
Cranberry taken orally (by mouth) is generally thought to be safe. However, if consumed in very large amounts, cranberry can cause stomach upset and diarrhea, particularly in young children. People who think they have a UTI should see a health care provider for diagnosis and treatment. Don’t use cranberry products instead of a proven treatment for a UTI. There is conflicting evidence about whether cranberry interacts with the anticoagulant (blood thinner) warfarin. If you take warfarin or any other medicine, talk with your health care provider before using cranberry or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. Some studies of the use of cranberry during pregnancy or while breastfeeding suggest it is safe in amounts commonly found in food, but the evidence is not conclusive for use in larger amounts. If you’re considering using cranberry while pregnant or breastfeeding, consult your health care provider.

Benannte Arzneimittel in den Sicherheitshinweisen · 3

Automatisch verknüpfte Quellenstellen. Jede Nennung behält ihren Kontext; klinischer Schweregrad, Gegenanzeige und Richtung der Wechselwirkung werden daraus nicht pauschal abgeleitet.

NCCIH-Fachüberblick · Cranberry

Eigener Quellenstand, abgerufen am 27.10.2026. Die Zuordnung zum Pflanzenprofil beruht auf der übereinstimmenden Überschrift und Abschnittskennung des Herausgebers.

There is conflicting evidence about whether cranberry interacts with the anticoagulant warfarin.

Abschnitt im NCCIH-Fachüberblick ↗

Dokument SHA-256: 80a7c442dbd3644dc6a54b986a8cfed8061d02d7653f7f03616f63f2c74f9190

warfarin · Pflanzenmerkblatt
Cranberry taken orally (by mouth) is generally thought to be safe. However, if consumed in very large amounts, cranberry can cause stomach upset and diarrhea, particularly in young children. People who think they have a UTI should see a health care provider for diagnosis and treatment. Don’t use cranberry products instead of a proven treatment for a UTI. There is conflicting evidence about whether cranberry interacts with the anticoagulant (blood thinner) warfarin. If you take warfarin or any other medicine, talk with your health care provider before using cranberry or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. Some studies of the use of cranberry during pregnancy or while breastfeeding suggest it is safe in amounts commonly found in food, but the evidence is not conclusive for use in larger amounts. If you’re considering using cranberry while pregnant or breastfeeding, consult your health care provider.

warfarin · HOS-085950 · Beziehung HOS-368686 · Originalquelle ↗

Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 2677–3625 (Unicode-Codepoints).

warfarin · Pflanzenmerkblatt
Cranberry taken orally (by mouth) is generally thought to be safe. However, if consumed in very large amounts, cranberry can cause stomach upset and diarrhea, particularly in young children. People who think they have a UTI should see a health care provider for diagnosis and treatment. Don’t use cranberry products instead of a proven treatment for a UTI. There is conflicting evidence about whether cranberry interacts with the anticoagulant (blood thinner) warfarin. If you take warfarin or any other medicine, talk with your health care provider before using cranberry or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. Some studies of the use of cranberry during pregnancy or while breastfeeding suggest it is safe in amounts commonly found in food, but the evidence is not conclusive for use in larger amounts. If you’re considering using cranberry while pregnant or breastfeeding, consult your health care provider.

warfarin · HOS-085950 · Beziehung HOS-368687 · Originalquelle ↗

Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 2677–3625 (Unicode-Codepoints).

warfarin · Fachüberblick · uneinheitliche Studienergebnisse

Die Quelle beschreibt uneinheitliche Studienergebnisse. Daraus wird keine eindeutige Wirkungsrichtung abgeleitet.

There is conflicting evidence about whether cranberry interacts with the anticoagulant warfarin.

warfarin · HOS-085950 · Beziehung HOS-368688 · Originalquelle ↗

Cranberry · Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 8089–8185 (Unicode-Codepoints).

Gleicher botanischer Quellenname bei EMA

Zubereitungen und medizinische Aussagen sind dadurch nicht gleichgesetzt.

Literatur aus lokalem PubMed · 1

Zusätzliche Literaturverweise aus der lokalen Suche. Titel und Metadaten wurden gefunden; Abstracts und Aussagen wurden damit noch nicht bewertet.

Herkunft & Quellenstand

NCCIH: Cranberry. Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Öffentliche Originaltexte; Bildrechte separat.

Dokument SHA-256: 6b2bf7a6d3e643f76313326cf260efbc29ce3da6c25e0df2c0cedde20b7626e4

NCCIH

Ginkgo

Quelle aktuell abgerufen

Ginkgo biloba

HOS-287125nccih:ginkgo

Verwendung & Hintergrund · Background
Ginkgo is a deciduous tree so ancient that it is commonly known as a “living fossil”; it is the last remaining species of a primitive family of plants. Ginkgo has a long history of use in Chinese medicine for treating cough, diarrhea, and other conditions. Today, ginkgo leaf, usually as an extract, is the most commonly used form of ginkgo. Ginkgo is promoted as a dietary supplement for many conditions, including anxiety, heart disease, cognitive impairment and dementia, diabetes, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), schizophrenia, and tinnitus, among others. It has also been promoted with claims that it can enhance cognitive performance in healthy people.
Medizinische Studienlage · How Much Do We Know?
There have been many studies on the possible health effects of using ginkgo. However, ginkgo has not been shown to be effective for any of the conditions for which it has been studied.
Medizinische Studienlage · What Have We Learned?
There’s no conclusive evidence that ginkgo is helpful for any health condition. Ginkgo has not been shown to be beneficial for preventing or slowing the progression of dementia. In three large studies in older adults with normal cognitive function or mild cognitive impairment, supplementation with ginkgo extract did not reduce the risk of dementia. One of these studies was the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) study, funded by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health and the National Institute on Aging. In this study, more than 3,000 people age 75 or older with normal cognitive function or mild cognitive impairment were randomly assigned to take a ginkgo supplement or a placebo for a median of 6 years. There was no difference between the gingko and placebo groups in the rates at which participants developed dementia of any type or Alzheimer’s disease. Ginkgo extract may have a modest benefit for dementia symptoms, particularly at relatively high doses, but the evidence is inconsistent. It’s unclear whether ginkgo is helpful for symptoms of milder cognitive impairment. Although dietary supplements containing ginkgo have been marketed for “brain health,” it’s uncertain whether they actually influence cognitive performance in healthy people. Much of the research on this topic is of low quality. For various health conditions, including anxiety, PMS, schizophrenia, and vertigo, a small amount of evidence suggests a benefit from taking ginkgo orally (by mouth), but the overall evidence is not conclusive. Ginkgo might also be helpful in the rehabilitation of patients who have had strokes. Research suggests that ginkgo is not helpful for preventing heart disease, treating high blood pressure, or relieving symptoms of tinnitus or multiple sclerosis.
Sicherheit, Toxizität & Arzneimittel · What Do We Know About Safety?
For most adults, ginkgo leaf extracts are likely to be safe when taken orally in moderate amounts. They have been used safely in research studies lasting as long as 6 years. Fresh ginkgo seeds are toxic when consumed orally, and serious side effects have also occurred in people who consumed roasted ginkgo seeds or the crude ginkgo plant. Ginkgo leaf extract is generally well tolerated; the most common side effects are dizziness, gastrointestinal symptoms, and headache. Ginkgo may increase the risk of bleeding in people who are taking anticoagulant drugs, such as warfarin. Ginkgo may also interact with other drugs. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using ginkgo or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. Ginkgo may be unsafe for use during pregnancy. It might cause early labor or extra bleeding during delivery if used near that time. Little is known about whether it’s safe to use ginkgo while breastfeeding.

Benannte Arzneimittel in den Sicherheitshinweisen · 3

Automatisch verknüpfte Quellenstellen. Jede Nennung behält ihren Kontext; klinischer Schweregrad, Gegenanzeige und Richtung der Wechselwirkung werden daraus nicht pauschal abgeleitet.

NCCIH-Fachüberblick · Ginkgo

Eigener Quellenstand, abgerufen am 27.10.2026. Die Zuordnung zum Pflanzenprofil beruht auf der übereinstimmenden Überschrift und Abschnittskennung des Herausgebers.

Taking Ginkgo biloba with warfarin is associated with increased risk for major bleeding events compared to warfarin alone. Concomitant use of Ginkgo biloba preparations and efavirenz (a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) is not recommended.

Abschnitt im NCCIH-Fachüberblick ↗

Dokument SHA-256: 80a7c442dbd3644dc6a54b986a8cfed8061d02d7653f7f03616f63f2c74f9190

warfarin · Pflanzenmerkblatt
For most adults, ginkgo leaf extracts are likely to be safe when taken orally in moderate amounts. They have been used safely in research studies lasting as long as 6 years. Fresh ginkgo seeds are toxic when consumed orally, and serious side effects have also occurred in people who consumed roasted ginkgo seeds or the crude ginkgo plant. Ginkgo leaf extract is generally well tolerated; the most common side effects are dizziness, gastrointestinal symptoms, and headache. Ginkgo may increase the risk of bleeding in people who are taking anticoagulant drugs, such as warfarin. Ginkgo may also interact with other drugs. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using ginkgo or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. Ginkgo may be unsafe for use during pregnancy. It might cause early labor or extra bleeding during delivery if used near that time. Little is known about whether it’s safe to use ginkgo while breastfeeding.

warfarin · HOS-085950 · Beziehung HOS-287126 · Originalquelle ↗

Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 2841–3836 (Unicode-Codepoints).

warfarin · Fachüberblick
Taking Ginkgo biloba with warfarin is associated with increased risk for major bleeding events compared to warfarin alone. Concomitant use of Ginkgo biloba preparations and efavirenz (a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) is not recommended.

warfarin · HOS-085950 · Beziehung HOS-368668 · Originalquelle ↗

Ginkgo · Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 10584–10837 (Unicode-Codepoints).

efavirenz · Fachüberblick
Taking Ginkgo biloba with warfarin is associated with increased risk for major bleeding events compared to warfarin alone. Concomitant use of Ginkgo biloba preparations and efavirenz (a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) is not recommended.

efavirenz · HOS-087947 · Beziehung HOS-368669 · Originalquelle ↗

Ginkgo · Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 10584–10837 (Unicode-Codepoints).

Gleicher botanischer Quellenname bei EMA

Zubereitungen und medizinische Aussagen sind dadurch nicht gleichgesetzt.

Literatur aus lokalem PubMed · 7

Zusätzliche Literaturverweise aus der lokalen Suche. Titel und Metadaten wurden gefunden; Abstracts und Aussagen wurden damit noch nicht bewertet.

Herkunft & Quellenstand

NCCIH: Ginkgo. Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Öffentliche Originaltexte; Bildrechte separat.

Dokument SHA-256: 0a655880cb5dc9836ba05e3d5b33950d4713af412657f1a31283ce5118dc5e13

NCCIH

St. John’s Wort

Quelle aktuell abgerufen

Hypericum perforatum

HOS-368716nccih:st-johns-wort

Verwendung & Hintergrund · Background
St. John’s wort is a plant with yellow flowers that has been widely used in various systems of traditional medicine, including Greek, Islamic, and Chinese medicine. The name St. John’s wort apparently refers to John the Baptist, as the plant blooms around the time of the feast of St. John the Baptist in late June. Historically, St. John’s wort has been used for a variety of conditions, including depression, stomach ulcers, and colds, and to aid wound healing. Currently, St. John’s wort is most widely promoted for symptoms of depression. It is also promoted for menopause symptoms and other conditions. Topical use (application to the skin) of St. John’s wort is promoted for wounds and other skin conditions.
Medizinische Studienlage · How Much Do We Know?
Many studies have been done on the usefulness of St. John’s wort for depression, and their results indicate that it may be helpful for mild or moderate depression. For other conditions, the evidence is insufficient to allow definite conclusions about the usefulness of St. John’s wort to be reached. It has been clearly shown that St. John’s wort can interact in dangerous, sometimes life-threatening ways with a variety of medicines.
Medizinische Studienlage · What Have We Learned?
St. John’s wort appears to be more effective than a placebo (an inactive substance) and as effective as standard antidepressant medications for mild or moderate depression. It’s uncertain whether this is true for severe depression or for time periods longer than 12 weeks. Small numbers of studies suggest that St. John’s wort may be helpful for hot flashes associated with menopause and for somatic symptom disorder (a condition involving intense anxiety about physical symptoms). St. John’s wort has also been studied as a treatment for a variety of other conditions, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), irritable bowel syndrome, obsessive compulsive disorder, and premenstrual syndrome; as a possible aid to smoking cessation; and as an ingredient in topical preparations for wound healing. However, only a small amount of research has been done on the use of St. John’s wort for each of these purposes, and the evidence hasn’t clearly shown it to be helpful for any of them.
Sicherheit, Toxizität & Arzneimittel · What Do We Know About Safety?
For most adults who are not taking any kind of medicine, St. John’s wort appears to be safe when used for up to 12 weeks, and some studies indicate that it can be used safely for a year or more. If taken orally in large doses or applied to the skin, St. John’s wort might cause severe skin reactions after sun exposure. Other side effects can include diarrhea, dizziness, trouble sleeping, restlessness, and skin tingling. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using St. John’s wort or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. For example, St. John’s wort can weaken the effects of many medicines, including crucially important medicines such as: Some antidepressants, including amitriptyline and bupropion Birth control pills Cyclosporine, which prevents the body from rejecting transplanted organs Some drugs used to prevent seizures, including phenytoin and carbamazepine Some heart medications, including digoxin and ivabradine Some HIV drugs, including indinavir and nevirapine Some cancer medications, including irinotecan, imatinib, and docetaxel Warfarin, an anticoagulant (blood thinner) Certain statins, including simvastatin In addition, taking St. John’s wort with certain antidepressants or other drugs that affect serotonin (a substance produced by some nerve cells) may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which can be serious. It may be unsafe to use St. John’s wort during pregnancy because it may increase the risk of birth defects. Breastfeeding infants of mothers who take St. John’s wort can experience colic, drowsiness, and lethargy.

Benannte Arzneimittel in den Sicherheitshinweisen · 18

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NCCIH-Fachüberblick · St. John's Wort

Eigener Quellenstand, abgerufen am 27.10.2026. Die Zuordnung zum Pflanzenprofil beruht auf der übereinstimmenden Überschrift und Abschnittskennung des Herausgebers.

St. John’s wort has an overall high risk of drug interaction because it is a potent inducer of both cytochrome P-450 enzymes and intestinal P-glycoprotein. Clinically significant interactions between St. John’s wort and the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine, the antiretroviral agent indinavir, oral contraceptives, warfarin, digoxin, and benzodiazepines, among others, have been documented. Taking St. John’s wort with certain antidepressants may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which may be potentially serious.

Abschnitt im NCCIH-Fachüberblick ↗

Dokument SHA-256: 80a7c442dbd3644dc6a54b986a8cfed8061d02d7653f7f03616f63f2c74f9190

amitriptyline · Pflanzenmerkblatt
For most adults who are not taking any kind of medicine, St. John’s wort appears to be safe when used for up to 12 weeks, and some studies indicate that it can be used safely for a year or more. If taken orally in large doses or applied to the skin, St. John’s wort might cause severe skin reactions after sun exposure. Other side effects can include diarrhea, dizziness, trouble sleeping, restlessness, and skin tingling. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using St. John’s wort or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. For example, St. John’s wort can weaken the effects of many medicines, including crucially important medicines such as: Some antidepressants, including amitriptyline and bupropion Birth control pills Cyclosporine, which prevents the body from rejecting transplanted organs Some drugs used to prevent seizures, including phenytoin and carbamazepine Some heart medications, including digoxin and ivabradine Some HIV drugs, including indinavir and nevirapine Some cancer medications, including irinotecan, imatinib, and docetaxel Warfarin, an anticoagulant (blood thinner) Certain statins, including simvastatin In addition, taking St. John’s wort with certain antidepressants or other drugs that affect serotonin (a substance produced by some nerve cells) may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which can be serious. It may be unsafe to use St. John’s wort during pregnancy because it may increase the risk of birth defects. Breastfeeding infants of mothers who take St. John’s wort can experience colic, drowsiness, and lethargy.

amitriptyline · HOS-085911 · Beziehung HOS-368717 · Originalquelle ↗

Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 2351–3993 (Unicode-Codepoints).

bupropion · Pflanzenmerkblatt
For most adults who are not taking any kind of medicine, St. John’s wort appears to be safe when used for up to 12 weeks, and some studies indicate that it can be used safely for a year or more. If taken orally in large doses or applied to the skin, St. John’s wort might cause severe skin reactions after sun exposure. Other side effects can include diarrhea, dizziness, trouble sleeping, restlessness, and skin tingling. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using St. John’s wort or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. For example, St. John’s wort can weaken the effects of many medicines, including crucially important medicines such as: Some antidepressants, including amitriptyline and bupropion Birth control pills Cyclosporine, which prevents the body from rejecting transplanted organs Some drugs used to prevent seizures, including phenytoin and carbamazepine Some heart medications, including digoxin and ivabradine Some HIV drugs, including indinavir and nevirapine Some cancer medications, including irinotecan, imatinib, and docetaxel Warfarin, an anticoagulant (blood thinner) Certain statins, including simvastatin In addition, taking St. John’s wort with certain antidepressants or other drugs that affect serotonin (a substance produced by some nerve cells) may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which can be serious. It may be unsafe to use St. John’s wort during pregnancy because it may increase the risk of birth defects. Breastfeeding infants of mothers who take St. John’s wort can experience colic, drowsiness, and lethargy.

bupropion · HOS-086329 · Beziehung HOS-368718 · Originalquelle ↗

Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 2351–3993 (Unicode-Codepoints).

cyclosporine · Pflanzenmerkblatt
For most adults who are not taking any kind of medicine, St. John’s wort appears to be safe when used for up to 12 weeks, and some studies indicate that it can be used safely for a year or more. If taken orally in large doses or applied to the skin, St. John’s wort might cause severe skin reactions after sun exposure. Other side effects can include diarrhea, dizziness, trouble sleeping, restlessness, and skin tingling. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using St. John’s wort or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. For example, St. John’s wort can weaken the effects of many medicines, including crucially important medicines such as: Some antidepressants, including amitriptyline and bupropion Birth control pills Cyclosporine, which prevents the body from rejecting transplanted organs Some drugs used to prevent seizures, including phenytoin and carbamazepine Some heart medications, including digoxin and ivabradine Some HIV drugs, including indinavir and nevirapine Some cancer medications, including irinotecan, imatinib, and docetaxel Warfarin, an anticoagulant (blood thinner) Certain statins, including simvastatin In addition, taking St. John’s wort with certain antidepressants or other drugs that affect serotonin (a substance produced by some nerve cells) may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which can be serious. It may be unsafe to use St. John’s wort during pregnancy because it may increase the risk of birth defects. Breastfeeding infants of mothers who take St. John’s wort can experience colic, drowsiness, and lethargy.

cyclosporine · HOS-084512 · Beziehung HOS-368719 · Originalquelle ↗

Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 2351–3993 (Unicode-Codepoints).

phenytoin · Pflanzenmerkblatt
For most adults who are not taking any kind of medicine, St. John’s wort appears to be safe when used for up to 12 weeks, and some studies indicate that it can be used safely for a year or more. If taken orally in large doses or applied to the skin, St. John’s wort might cause severe skin reactions after sun exposure. Other side effects can include diarrhea, dizziness, trouble sleeping, restlessness, and skin tingling. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using St. John’s wort or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. For example, St. John’s wort can weaken the effects of many medicines, including crucially important medicines such as: Some antidepressants, including amitriptyline and bupropion Birth control pills Cyclosporine, which prevents the body from rejecting transplanted organs Some drugs used to prevent seizures, including phenytoin and carbamazepine Some heart medications, including digoxin and ivabradine Some HIV drugs, including indinavir and nevirapine Some cancer medications, including irinotecan, imatinib, and docetaxel Warfarin, an anticoagulant (blood thinner) Certain statins, including simvastatin In addition, taking St. John’s wort with certain antidepressants or other drugs that affect serotonin (a substance produced by some nerve cells) may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which can be serious. It may be unsafe to use St. John’s wort during pregnancy because it may increase the risk of birth defects. Breastfeeding infants of mothers who take St. John’s wort can experience colic, drowsiness, and lethargy.

phenytoin · HOS-084531 · Beziehung HOS-368720 · Originalquelle ↗

Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 2351–3993 (Unicode-Codepoints).

carbamazepine · Pflanzenmerkblatt
For most adults who are not taking any kind of medicine, St. John’s wort appears to be safe when used for up to 12 weeks, and some studies indicate that it can be used safely for a year or more. If taken orally in large doses or applied to the skin, St. John’s wort might cause severe skin reactions after sun exposure. Other side effects can include diarrhea, dizziness, trouble sleeping, restlessness, and skin tingling. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using St. John’s wort or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. For example, St. John’s wort can weaken the effects of many medicines, including crucially important medicines such as: Some antidepressants, including amitriptyline and bupropion Birth control pills Cyclosporine, which prevents the body from rejecting transplanted organs Some drugs used to prevent seizures, including phenytoin and carbamazepine Some heart medications, including digoxin and ivabradine Some HIV drugs, including indinavir and nevirapine Some cancer medications, including irinotecan, imatinib, and docetaxel Warfarin, an anticoagulant (blood thinner) Certain statins, including simvastatin In addition, taking St. John’s wort with certain antidepressants or other drugs that affect serotonin (a substance produced by some nerve cells) may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which can be serious. It may be unsafe to use St. John’s wort during pregnancy because it may increase the risk of birth defects. Breastfeeding infants of mothers who take St. John’s wort can experience colic, drowsiness, and lethargy.

carbamazepine · HOS-085618 · Beziehung HOS-368721 · Originalquelle ↗

Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 2351–3993 (Unicode-Codepoints).

digoxin · Pflanzenmerkblatt
For most adults who are not taking any kind of medicine, St. John’s wort appears to be safe when used for up to 12 weeks, and some studies indicate that it can be used safely for a year or more. If taken orally in large doses or applied to the skin, St. John’s wort might cause severe skin reactions after sun exposure. Other side effects can include diarrhea, dizziness, trouble sleeping, restlessness, and skin tingling. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using St. John’s wort or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. For example, St. John’s wort can weaken the effects of many medicines, including crucially important medicines such as: Some antidepressants, including amitriptyline and bupropion Birth control pills Cyclosporine, which prevents the body from rejecting transplanted organs Some drugs used to prevent seizures, including phenytoin and carbamazepine Some heart medications, including digoxin and ivabradine Some HIV drugs, including indinavir and nevirapine Some cancer medications, including irinotecan, imatinib, and docetaxel Warfarin, an anticoagulant (blood thinner) Certain statins, including simvastatin In addition, taking St. John’s wort with certain antidepressants or other drugs that affect serotonin (a substance produced by some nerve cells) may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which can be serious. It may be unsafe to use St. John’s wort during pregnancy because it may increase the risk of birth defects. Breastfeeding infants of mothers who take St. John’s wort can experience colic, drowsiness, and lethargy.

digoxin · HOS-086172 · Beziehung HOS-368722 · Originalquelle ↗

Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 2351–3993 (Unicode-Codepoints).

ivabradine · Pflanzenmerkblatt
For most adults who are not taking any kind of medicine, St. John’s wort appears to be safe when used for up to 12 weeks, and some studies indicate that it can be used safely for a year or more. If taken orally in large doses or applied to the skin, St. John’s wort might cause severe skin reactions after sun exposure. Other side effects can include diarrhea, dizziness, trouble sleeping, restlessness, and skin tingling. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using St. John’s wort or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. For example, St. John’s wort can weaken the effects of many medicines, including crucially important medicines such as: Some antidepressants, including amitriptyline and bupropion Birth control pills Cyclosporine, which prevents the body from rejecting transplanted organs Some drugs used to prevent seizures, including phenytoin and carbamazepine Some heart medications, including digoxin and ivabradine Some HIV drugs, including indinavir and nevirapine Some cancer medications, including irinotecan, imatinib, and docetaxel Warfarin, an anticoagulant (blood thinner) Certain statins, including simvastatin In addition, taking St. John’s wort with certain antidepressants or other drugs that affect serotonin (a substance produced by some nerve cells) may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which can be serious. It may be unsafe to use St. John’s wort during pregnancy because it may increase the risk of birth defects. Breastfeeding infants of mothers who take St. John’s wort can experience colic, drowsiness, and lethargy.

ivabradine · HOS-109426 · Beziehung HOS-368723 · Originalquelle ↗

Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 2351–3993 (Unicode-Codepoints).

indinavir · Pflanzenmerkblatt
For most adults who are not taking any kind of medicine, St. John’s wort appears to be safe when used for up to 12 weeks, and some studies indicate that it can be used safely for a year or more. If taken orally in large doses or applied to the skin, St. John’s wort might cause severe skin reactions after sun exposure. Other side effects can include diarrhea, dizziness, trouble sleeping, restlessness, and skin tingling. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using St. John’s wort or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. For example, St. John’s wort can weaken the effects of many medicines, including crucially important medicines such as: Some antidepressants, including amitriptyline and bupropion Birth control pills Cyclosporine, which prevents the body from rejecting transplanted organs Some drugs used to prevent seizures, including phenytoin and carbamazepine Some heart medications, including digoxin and ivabradine Some HIV drugs, including indinavir and nevirapine Some cancer medications, including irinotecan, imatinib, and docetaxel Warfarin, an anticoagulant (blood thinner) Certain statins, including simvastatin In addition, taking St. John’s wort with certain antidepressants or other drugs that affect serotonin (a substance produced by some nerve cells) may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which can be serious. It may be unsafe to use St. John’s wort during pregnancy because it may increase the risk of birth defects. Breastfeeding infants of mothers who take St. John’s wort can experience colic, drowsiness, and lethargy.

indinavir · HOS-084518 · Beziehung HOS-368724 · Originalquelle ↗

Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 2351–3993 (Unicode-Codepoints).

nevirapine · Pflanzenmerkblatt
For most adults who are not taking any kind of medicine, St. John’s wort appears to be safe when used for up to 12 weeks, and some studies indicate that it can be used safely for a year or more. If taken orally in large doses or applied to the skin, St. John’s wort might cause severe skin reactions after sun exposure. Other side effects can include diarrhea, dizziness, trouble sleeping, restlessness, and skin tingling. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using St. John’s wort or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. For example, St. John’s wort can weaken the effects of many medicines, including crucially important medicines such as: Some antidepressants, including amitriptyline and bupropion Birth control pills Cyclosporine, which prevents the body from rejecting transplanted organs Some drugs used to prevent seizures, including phenytoin and carbamazepine Some heart medications, including digoxin and ivabradine Some HIV drugs, including indinavir and nevirapine Some cancer medications, including irinotecan, imatinib, and docetaxel Warfarin, an anticoagulant (blood thinner) Certain statins, including simvastatin In addition, taking St. John’s wort with certain antidepressants or other drugs that affect serotonin (a substance produced by some nerve cells) may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which can be serious. It may be unsafe to use St. John’s wort during pregnancy because it may increase the risk of birth defects. Breastfeeding infants of mothers who take St. John’s wort can experience colic, drowsiness, and lethargy.

nevirapine · HOS-088064 · Beziehung HOS-368725 · Originalquelle ↗

Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 2351–3993 (Unicode-Codepoints).

irinotecan · Pflanzenmerkblatt
For most adults who are not taking any kind of medicine, St. John’s wort appears to be safe when used for up to 12 weeks, and some studies indicate that it can be used safely for a year or more. If taken orally in large doses or applied to the skin, St. John’s wort might cause severe skin reactions after sun exposure. Other side effects can include diarrhea, dizziness, trouble sleeping, restlessness, and skin tingling. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using St. John’s wort or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. For example, St. John’s wort can weaken the effects of many medicines, including crucially important medicines such as: Some antidepressants, including amitriptyline and bupropion Birth control pills Cyclosporine, which prevents the body from rejecting transplanted organs Some drugs used to prevent seizures, including phenytoin and carbamazepine Some heart medications, including digoxin and ivabradine Some HIV drugs, including indinavir and nevirapine Some cancer medications, including irinotecan, imatinib, and docetaxel Warfarin, an anticoagulant (blood thinner) Certain statins, including simvastatin In addition, taking St. John’s wort with certain antidepressants or other drugs that affect serotonin (a substance produced by some nerve cells) may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which can be serious. It may be unsafe to use St. John’s wort during pregnancy because it may increase the risk of birth defects. Breastfeeding infants of mothers who take St. John’s wort can experience colic, drowsiness, and lethargy.

irinotecan · HOS-112102 · Beziehung HOS-368726 · Originalquelle ↗

Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 2351–3993 (Unicode-Codepoints).

imatinib · Pflanzenmerkblatt
For most adults who are not taking any kind of medicine, St. John’s wort appears to be safe when used for up to 12 weeks, and some studies indicate that it can be used safely for a year or more. If taken orally in large doses or applied to the skin, St. John’s wort might cause severe skin reactions after sun exposure. Other side effects can include diarrhea, dizziness, trouble sleeping, restlessness, and skin tingling. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using St. John’s wort or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. For example, St. John’s wort can weaken the effects of many medicines, including crucially important medicines such as: Some antidepressants, including amitriptyline and bupropion Birth control pills Cyclosporine, which prevents the body from rejecting transplanted organs Some drugs used to prevent seizures, including phenytoin and carbamazepine Some heart medications, including digoxin and ivabradine Some HIV drugs, including indinavir and nevirapine Some cancer medications, including irinotecan, imatinib, and docetaxel Warfarin, an anticoagulant (blood thinner) Certain statins, including simvastatin In addition, taking St. John’s wort with certain antidepressants or other drugs that affect serotonin (a substance produced by some nerve cells) may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which can be serious. It may be unsafe to use St. John’s wort during pregnancy because it may increase the risk of birth defects. Breastfeeding infants of mothers who take St. John’s wort can experience colic, drowsiness, and lethargy.

imatinib · HOS-110212 · Beziehung HOS-368727 · Originalquelle ↗

Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 2351–3993 (Unicode-Codepoints).

docetaxel · Pflanzenmerkblatt
For most adults who are not taking any kind of medicine, St. John’s wort appears to be safe when used for up to 12 weeks, and some studies indicate that it can be used safely for a year or more. If taken orally in large doses or applied to the skin, St. John’s wort might cause severe skin reactions after sun exposure. Other side effects can include diarrhea, dizziness, trouble sleeping, restlessness, and skin tingling. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using St. John’s wort or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. For example, St. John’s wort can weaken the effects of many medicines, including crucially important medicines such as: Some antidepressants, including amitriptyline and bupropion Birth control pills Cyclosporine, which prevents the body from rejecting transplanted organs Some drugs used to prevent seizures, including phenytoin and carbamazepine Some heart medications, including digoxin and ivabradine Some HIV drugs, including indinavir and nevirapine Some cancer medications, including irinotecan, imatinib, and docetaxel Warfarin, an anticoagulant (blood thinner) Certain statins, including simvastatin In addition, taking St. John’s wort with certain antidepressants or other drugs that affect serotonin (a substance produced by some nerve cells) may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which can be serious. It may be unsafe to use St. John’s wort during pregnancy because it may increase the risk of birth defects. Breastfeeding infants of mothers who take St. John’s wort can experience colic, drowsiness, and lethargy.

docetaxel · HOS-084505 · Beziehung HOS-368728 · Originalquelle ↗

Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 2351–3993 (Unicode-Codepoints).

warfarin · Pflanzenmerkblatt
For most adults who are not taking any kind of medicine, St. John’s wort appears to be safe when used for up to 12 weeks, and some studies indicate that it can be used safely for a year or more. If taken orally in large doses or applied to the skin, St. John’s wort might cause severe skin reactions after sun exposure. Other side effects can include diarrhea, dizziness, trouble sleeping, restlessness, and skin tingling. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using St. John’s wort or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. For example, St. John’s wort can weaken the effects of many medicines, including crucially important medicines such as: Some antidepressants, including amitriptyline and bupropion Birth control pills Cyclosporine, which prevents the body from rejecting transplanted organs Some drugs used to prevent seizures, including phenytoin and carbamazepine Some heart medications, including digoxin and ivabradine Some HIV drugs, including indinavir and nevirapine Some cancer medications, including irinotecan, imatinib, and docetaxel Warfarin, an anticoagulant (blood thinner) Certain statins, including simvastatin In addition, taking St. John’s wort with certain antidepressants or other drugs that affect serotonin (a substance produced by some nerve cells) may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which can be serious. It may be unsafe to use St. John’s wort during pregnancy because it may increase the risk of birth defects. Breastfeeding infants of mothers who take St. John’s wort can experience colic, drowsiness, and lethargy.

warfarin · HOS-085950 · Beziehung HOS-368729 · Originalquelle ↗

Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 2351–3993 (Unicode-Codepoints).

simvastatin · Pflanzenmerkblatt
For most adults who are not taking any kind of medicine, St. John’s wort appears to be safe when used for up to 12 weeks, and some studies indicate that it can be used safely for a year or more. If taken orally in large doses or applied to the skin, St. John’s wort might cause severe skin reactions after sun exposure. Other side effects can include diarrhea, dizziness, trouble sleeping, restlessness, and skin tingling. If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using St. John’s wort or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. For example, St. John’s wort can weaken the effects of many medicines, including crucially important medicines such as: Some antidepressants, including amitriptyline and bupropion Birth control pills Cyclosporine, which prevents the body from rejecting transplanted organs Some drugs used to prevent seizures, including phenytoin and carbamazepine Some heart medications, including digoxin and ivabradine Some HIV drugs, including indinavir and nevirapine Some cancer medications, including irinotecan, imatinib, and docetaxel Warfarin, an anticoagulant (blood thinner) Certain statins, including simvastatin In addition, taking St. John’s wort with certain antidepressants or other drugs that affect serotonin (a substance produced by some nerve cells) may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which can be serious. It may be unsafe to use St. John’s wort during pregnancy because it may increase the risk of birth defects. Breastfeeding infants of mothers who take St. John’s wort can experience colic, drowsiness, and lethargy.

simvastatin · HOS-086158 · Beziehung HOS-368730 · Originalquelle ↗

Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 2351–3993 (Unicode-Codepoints).

cyclosporine · Fachüberblick
St. John’s wort has an overall high risk of drug interaction because it is a potent inducer of both cytochrome P-450 enzymes and intestinal P-glycoprotein. Clinically significant interactions between St. John’s wort and the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine, the antiretroviral agent indinavir, oral contraceptives, warfarin, digoxin, and benzodiazepines, among others, have been documented. Taking St. John’s wort with certain antidepressants may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which may be potentially serious.

cyclosporine · HOS-084512 · Beziehung HOS-368731 · Originalquelle ↗

St. John's Wort · Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 18082–18615 (Unicode-Codepoints).

indinavir · Fachüberblick
St. John’s wort has an overall high risk of drug interaction because it is a potent inducer of both cytochrome P-450 enzymes and intestinal P-glycoprotein. Clinically significant interactions between St. John’s wort and the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine, the antiretroviral agent indinavir, oral contraceptives, warfarin, digoxin, and benzodiazepines, among others, have been documented. Taking St. John’s wort with certain antidepressants may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which may be potentially serious.

indinavir · HOS-084518 · Beziehung HOS-368732 · Originalquelle ↗

St. John's Wort · Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 18082–18615 (Unicode-Codepoints).

warfarin · Fachüberblick
St. John’s wort has an overall high risk of drug interaction because it is a potent inducer of both cytochrome P-450 enzymes and intestinal P-glycoprotein. Clinically significant interactions between St. John’s wort and the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine, the antiretroviral agent indinavir, oral contraceptives, warfarin, digoxin, and benzodiazepines, among others, have been documented. Taking St. John’s wort with certain antidepressants may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which may be potentially serious.

warfarin · HOS-085950 · Beziehung HOS-368733 · Originalquelle ↗

St. John's Wort · Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 18082–18615 (Unicode-Codepoints).

digoxin · Fachüberblick
St. John’s wort has an overall high risk of drug interaction because it is a potent inducer of both cytochrome P-450 enzymes and intestinal P-glycoprotein. Clinically significant interactions between St. John’s wort and the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine, the antiretroviral agent indinavir, oral contraceptives, warfarin, digoxin, and benzodiazepines, among others, have been documented. Taking St. John’s wort with certain antidepressants may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which may be potentially serious.

digoxin · HOS-086172 · Beziehung HOS-368734 · Originalquelle ↗

St. John's Wort · Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Schweregrad: nicht bewertet. Quellenspanne: 18082–18615 (Unicode-Codepoints).

Gleicher botanischer Quellenname bei EMA

Zubereitungen und medizinische Aussagen sind dadurch nicht gleichgesetzt.

Literatur aus lokalem PubMed · 4

Zusätzliche Literaturverweise aus der lokalen Suche. Titel und Metadaten wurden gefunden; Abstracts und Aussagen wurden damit noch nicht bewertet.

Herkunft & Quellenstand

NCCIH: St. John’s Wort. Abgerufen: 27.10.2026. Öffentliche Originaltexte; Bildrechte separat.

Dokument SHA-256: a08b3abc2daf69193fd3f4d5441f52d7cf816d70f718014e1e37a5860d899dff